国外心理.学史1课件1.pptVIP

History and Systems of PsychologyLecture 1 ED PS 7080 August 24, 2010 Instructor: Robert Hill Awareness Survey What two individuals embody the field of psychology Think of a major discovery can be attributed to the field of psychology? How has it shaped society as a whole? What is the greatest “good” that can be attributed to psychology? What is the greatest “harm” that can be attributed to psychology? Would the world be a different place if the field of psychology did not exist? Answers Prominent Psychologists Major Discovery? Greatest “good” Greatest “harm” Would the world be different? Lecture Outline The Traditional View The role of Philosophy Socrates, Plato, Aristotle Advances in Science Search for Order Advances in Medicine Understanding ourselves/search for cures The non-traditional view The role of religion Non-Western influences The Humanist Philosophers Socrates Plato Aristotle Socrates (469-399 BC) The great observer and skeptic The unexamined life is not worth living What is truth? There is a process or a pathway to truth Involves unbiased observation The teacher uncovers dormant truth (assists students in uncovering truth) Teaching is a partnership between the student and the instructor You should challenge all ideas – “through questioning” Socrates credited The “research question” from the “statement of a problem” Using questions to solve interpersonal problems Antiphon: credited with solving grief/sadness using the Socratic dialogue Plato (427-347 BC) The unreliability of our senses Sensory information is mediated by rational thought Sensory precision is improved through: measurement and deductive reasoning The “nativistic” approach to the human psyche Heredity is the basis for human characteristics intelligence Can characteristics be measured? Aristotle (385-322 BC) The first natural philosopher/scientist Student of Plato Focused on logical proof to uncover knowledge (inductive reasoning) demonstrated through logic how differential we