国际公法(最终版).docVIP

Chapter 1  近代国际法的产生:威斯特伐利亚公约 The modern system of international law is a product of the last 400 years and generally traces its origin (begin) to the Peace of Westphalia 1648(国际法的近代体系是最近400年的产物，一般认为，1648年的威斯特伐利亚和约是近代国际法的起源) 一些代表人物及其著作: Bodin 博丹 Hobbes 霍布斯 Machavelli 马基雅弗利 Gretilis 真提利 Grotius 格老秀斯 De Jure Belli et Pacis 战争与和平法 Is international Law really law? Yes: No : The enforcement of international law 实施手段 The United Nations 联合国安理会 judicial enforcement 国际仲裁机构 Loss of Legal rights and privileges 特权 self-help 自卫 Chapter 2 Introduction: what the law is and where it can be found: 分类: 1. material sources:实质上的渊源 （区别） 2. formal sources: 形式上的渊源 1. The formal sources are those legal procedures and methods for the creations of rules of general application which are legally binding on the addressees.（形式渊源是为了制定具有一般适用性并对特定对象具有法律红束力的那些法律程序和方法） The formal sources will usually refer to constitutional mechanisms for law making(形式渊源通常是指制定法律的宪法体制。) 2. The material sources provide evidence of the existence of rules which when proved, have status of legally binding rules of general application（实际渊源是指为规则的存在提供依据，即一旦被证实，就具有一般适用的法律约束力规则的地位） The material sources are the status and precedents where the specific rules of law are to be found.（实际渊源是指成文法及先例，在这些成文法及先例中能找到法的具体规则） This chapter discusses the sources of international law in the sense both of the mechanisms for law creation and of the methods by which rules of law may be identified as such. In other words, we are concerned here with finding out how new rules of international law may be created and with the process of identifying existing rules.（本章是在法律形式的机制及识别法律规则的方法这一意义上对国际法的渊源展开讨论的。换句话说，本章我们关注的是获知国际法的新规则是怎样被创制的，以及识别既存规则的方法） Article 38 of the Statute of the International Court of Justice 1 The court, whose function is to decide in accordance with international law such disputes as are submitted to it, shall apply: （a）international conventions, whether general or particular, establishing rules expressly re