汉译英绪论.ppt

第一章 “汉英翻译” 绪论 二、汉英翻译的单位 汉英翻译的单位：词（word）、短语（phrase）、句子（sentenc）、段落（paragraph）和篇章(text)。 ——对初学者而言：句子是较为理想的翻译单位,但不能孤立地翻译句子而忽视句际之间、段落之间的关系。(p2) 好： 身体好，学习好，工作好。 Keep fit, study well and work hard. “我反对他去南方。” I am opposed to his going to the south. 离开具体分析，就不能认识任何矛盾的特征。 Without concrete analysis there can be no knowledge of the particularity of any contradiction. 三、汉英翻译的标准 “信”——Being faithful to the original（忠实于原文） “达”——Being explicit and smooth（明白晓畅） “雅”——Being elegant in diction (words)（措辞的优雅） 以效果而论，翻译应像临画一样，所求的不在形似，而是神似。 ――傅雷 文学翻译的最高标准可以说是“化”。把作品从一国文字转变成另一国文字，既不能因语言习惯的差异而露出生硬牵强的痕迹，又能完全保存原作的风味，那就算得入于“化境”。 ――钱钟书 他是个纸老虎。 He is a paper tiger. 花钱如流水 waste money like water 《红楼梦》 A Dream of Red Mansions（杨宪益 夫妇） The story of the Stone（ David Hawkes ） 他是日本走狗。 He is a dog of the Japanese. He is a lacquey / flatterer of the Japanese. 你既然答应了要帮助他就应当帮助他。 You should help him, since you have promised to help him. You should help him, since you have promised to do so. 个人主义： individualism egocentrism, privatism 人与人之间，国与国之间离心离德，便产生这样的问题，人与人之间，国与国之间齐心协力，定能解决这些问题。 Men and men, and nations and nations working apart created these problems; men and men, and nations and nations working together must solve the problems. Men and men,nations and nations working apart created these problems; men nations working together must solve them. 欲穷千里目，更上一层楼。 If you desire to have a good and boundless sight, come to the upper storey, by climbing one more flight.( 吴均陶译） 酒不醉人人自醉。 It is not the wine that intoxicates but the drinker who gets himself drunk. 老鼠过街，人人喊打。 When a rat is seen to come across the road, everyone calls: “ kill it.” 怎么是你，怎么老是你？? how?are?you???how?old?are?you?? 你不?鸟我，我也不?鸟你。? you?don’t?bird?me, I?don’t?bird?you. You don’t offend me, I do either. ?彼此彼此 you?me?you?me? Same here. 知之为知之，?不知为不?知... know?is?know?noknow?is?noknow 小明：I?am?sorry!? 　　 　　老外：I?am?sorry?too!?