生产运作战略讲义课件.ppt

1-* 知识管理和创新型企业 知识管理是指通过对信息的提取，识别，分析和归纳，使之转化为有用的知识，并创造新的知识，利用所获得的知识去实现企业的目标。 知识共享和知识利用，显性知识和隐性知识 创新包括技术创新、管理创新和制度创新。创新型企业的核心是人才管理和人力资源建设,提高员工素质。 丰田供应商体系和广汽 * * * * * Ask your students for input here. Look for positions that they or their parents have filled. You might also ask them (a) what positions they are seeking upon graduation; and (b) to “predict” how demand for workers in each of these areas is likely to change over time, and why. Finally, have them consider the skills required of the occupants of each position * Ask your students for input here. Look for positions that they or their parents have filled. You might also ask them (a) what positions they are seeking upon graduation; and (b) to “predict” how demand for workers in each of these areas is likely to change over time, and why. Finally, have them consider the skills required of the occupants of each position * Ask your students for input here. Look for positions that they or their parents have filled. You might also ask them (a) what positions they are seeking upon graduation; and (b) to “predict” how demand for workers in each of these areas is likely to change over time, and why. Finally, have them consider the skills required of the occupants of each position * Use this and the subsequent slide to get students thinking about some of the changes taking place in OM. Try to help them understand both the causes of the changes and the implications. In particular, have them consider the role of information and of information technology. * * * * * * * * * * 福特的大量生产方式 * 福特开创了大量生产模式取代手工生产方式，将汽车价格由2000美元降到几百美元，为汽车普及进入家庭创造了条件。 生产率提高来源于解决了阻碍汽车制造业的三个问题 阻碍因素 3S 具体方法 结构复杂 产品简单化 零部件设计的简单明了，一般工人能够学会掌握零部件的装配 缺乏通用零部件 零部件标准化 零部件通用化、可以互换 技术工人技艺差异 专业化 工人只做1、2道简单工序，设立专门的搬运部门 1913年将传送带装配线应用到汽车生产 装配时间(分钟) 手工 流水线 降低率 发电机 20 5 75% 车轴 150 26.5 83% 整车装配 750 93 88% 20世纪20年代后期，不能适应产品品种的变化和过高的纵向一体化也让福特公司陷入经营的困境 通用汽车的生产方式——《我在通用汽车的岁月》 预先判断出了市场的多样化需求，根据不同的钱包，不同的产品，开发了从450美元到最高3500的不同车型； 将原有的10个车型分成5个产品系统，避免内