节水钻探技术.doc

摘 要 论文讨论了缺水地区易塌易漏钻探施工的相关技术，其中包括钻井液相关的基础知识、节水钻探技术等相关内容。当今世界，人类对于水资源的需求逐步加大，工业用水与农业用水之间的矛盾逐步呈现，在这种情况下，节约用水就成为我们应尽的义务。能源紧缺现在已经成为一个国家发展的制约因素，所以加大能源的勘探也成为我国当前工作的重点，但是勘探最重要的一部分就是钻探工程，钻探工程是一项耗水工程，同时也是一项污水工程。在钻探施工过程中我们往往会在缺水地区钻遇易塌易漏这类复杂地层，这对于我们钻探施工来讲是一大难题。尤其是我国的矿产资源分布不均匀，很大一部分矿产资源分布在中西部缺水地区，这样导致钻探施工时采用传统钻探技术的话钻探效益很低，钻探成本加大。为了解决在缺水地区易塌易漏地层钻探施工遇到的难题，中国地质大学（武汉）工程学院依托“地质灾害防治节水钻探技术研究”和“新型节水钻探技术的应用示范”项目，经过五年的研究与实现，通过与俄罗斯专家合作，成功地开发了“节水钻探技术”。但是这项技术主要是采用地下水作为钻井液，这对于易漏地层确实能在很大程度上减少漏失量，从而大大节约水资源，但是对于易塌地层，清水的很多性质是不能满足这类地层钻进的，所以本人提出优质钻井液与节水钻探系统相结合来实现缺水地区易塌易漏地层的钻探施工。在这项技术中，本人提出使用井下传感器和地面压力表来实现对地下水位、潜水泵位置的预测。在钻井液基础知识中关于钻井液材料的计算本人专门用VB语言编写了一个计算程序，大大方便了在配置钻井液时的计算。本论文的重点是优质钻井液与节水钻探系统相结合，而非采用传统的节水钻探技术，即采用地下清水作为钻井液使其在孔内进行循环。 关键词：缺水地区 易塌易漏地层 优质钻井液 节水钻探技术 传感器 ABSTRACT Paper discusses this technologies about drilling in the dry areas with easy collapsed and leaked layer ,including the basic knowledge of fluid-related, the drilling technology of saving water and other related content .In the present world, the requirement for water is gradually increase for Human, the conflict between Industrial water and agricultural water presents gradually. In this case, saving water will become our duty .Now The energy shortage has become the restricting factors for the development of a country, so increasing energy exploration has become the focus , but the most important part of exploration is drilling projects ,drilling engineering is a project of wasting water, also it is a sewage project. In drilling process we often drilled this kind of complex layer with Easy collapsing and leaking in water-lack area , It is a difficult problem For our drilling with this kind of complex layer, Especially in our country it is a cruel reality that we have a unequal distribution of mineral resources. A large part of the mineral resources distribute in the Midwest water-lacked area. So it was caused very low efficiency with traditional drilling technology, the drilling cost will increase radically. In order to solve