BandTranslationsChineseTests.pptVIP

Band 4 Translations Chinese Tests 1.相声(Xiangshen)是中国最重要的表演艺术之一。共有三种不同形式的相声，分别由一人，两人和多人表演。其中由两人表演的对口相声(cross talk)最为流行，传播最为广泛。“相声”一词最初是指模仿别人的言谈举止。现代相声包含四种基本技能：说，学，逗(tease)，唱。由于相声的许多内容是笑话和有趣的故事，语言幽默而又讽刺，因此深受人名群众的喜爱。 2.刺绣(embroidery)是中国的民间传统手工艺之一，有超过两千年的历史。刺绣就是用针线在织物上绣上(embroider)各种装饰形的图案。中国刺绣与养蚕业(sericulture)紧密相连，中国是世界上最早使用蚕丝的国家。刺绣的用途主要是包括生活和艺术装饰，如服装，床上用品(bedclothes)，台布和舞台装饰。刺绣在国外也享有很高的声誉，是中国文化的杰出代表之一。 3.筷子起源于中国，大多数是用木头或者竹子制作的。最早的筷子是用骨头或者玉制成的。在春秋时期(the Spring and Autumn Period)又出现了铜制和铁制的筷子。在古代，富裕人家用玉或金子做筷子，来显示富有。很多帝王使用银制的筷子检查饮食是否被投毒。筷子在传统上还是新娘的嫁装(dowry)，因为“筷子”的汉语读音听起来很像“快得儿子”。 4.国画(Chinese painting)指中国传统绘画，历史悠久，远在2000多年前的战国时期(the Warring States Period)就出现了画在丝织品上的绘画。国画的工具和材料有毛笔(brush)，墨，纸和丝绸等。国画从题材上主要分为三类：人物，山水，花鸟。国画起源于中国书法(calligraphy)，在本质上是一种线性艺术，试图采用绘画唤起意象和感情。国画在内容和艺术创作上体现了古人对自然，社会，哲学，宗教和道德的认识。 5.汉字源于远古时期对自然景物的简单描摹，如树木，河水，山川，人物等。这些描摹实际上就是象形文字(pictograms)的萌芽。甲骨文(Oracles)是刻在龟壳和兽骨上的古老文字，是汉字最早的形式。汉字的创造和应用对中华文明的发展起到了重要作用。汉字对世界文明的发展也产生了深远的影响。例如，日本，朝鲜等国家的文字都是在汉字的基础上创造的。 1.Xiangsheng is one of China’s most significant performing arts, including three different forms, performed respectively by one person, two persons and three or more persons. Of the three forms, cross talk, performed by two persons, is the most popular and widespread. The term “Xiangsheng” originally referred to the act of imitating someone’s speech and behavior. Modern Xiangsheng is composed of four basic skills: speaking, imitating, teasing and singing. Due to its contents which are mainly jokes and interesting stories and its humorous and sarcastic language, Xiangsheng has become very popular among people. 2.Embroidery, one of the traditional folk arts and crafts in China, has a history of more than 2,000 years. It is made by embroidering various decorating patterns on fabrics with needle and thread. Chinese embroidery is closely connected with sericulture, as China is the first Country in the world to use silk. Embroidery is mainly used in life and art decoration, such as clothes, bedclothes, table clo