外文翻译--计算机集成制造的介绍.doc

附录2 翻译部分 英文原文 Introduction to Computer Integrated Manufacturing D .L.Goetsch CIM Defined Computer integrated manufacturing (CIM) is the term used to describe the modem approach to manufacturing. Although CIM encompasses many of the other advanced manufacturing technologies such as CNC; CAD/CAM, robotics, and just-in-time (JIT) deliuery, it is more th~ a new tech. noloml or. a ~c~ncept. ~puter integrated :manufacturing is an entirely new approach to manufacturing, a new way of doing business. To understand CIM, it is necessary to begin with a comparison of modern and traditional manufacturing. Modem manufacturing encompasses all of the activities and processes necessary to convert raw materials into finished products, deliver them to the market ,and support them in the field . These activities include the following: 1) Identifying a need for a product. 2) Designing a product to meet the needs. 3) Obtaining the raw materials needed to produce the product. 4) Applying appropriate processes to transform the raw materials into finished products, 5) Transporting products to the market. 6) Maintaining the product to ensure proper performance in the field. This broad, modern view of manufacturing can be compared with the more limited traditional view that focused almost entirely on the conversion processes. The old approach excluded such critical preconversion elements as market analysis reseach, development, and design, as well as such after-conversion elements as product delivery and product maintenance. In other words, in the old approach to manufacturing, only those processes that took place on the shop floor were considered manufacturing. This traditional approach of separating the overall concept into numerous stand-alone specialized elements was not fundamentally changed with the advent of automation. With CIM, not only are the various elements automated, but the islands of automation are all linked together or integrated. Integration means that a system can