8A chapter 3 被动语态(讲与练).docVIP

被动语态 语态是动词的一种形式，它表示主语和谓语的关系。 语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。 如果主语是动作的执行者，或者动作的执行者很重要时，用主动语态； 如果主语是动作的承受者；动作不是由主语而是由其他人完成的；不知道或不想知道谁是动作的执行者；该动作比执行者重要时，用被动语态。 e.g. They will build a new bridge over the river. ( ______语态) A new bridge will be built over the river. ( ______语态) Some stamps were stolen last week. ( ______语态) Football is played in most middle schools. ( ______语态) 被动语态的形式 汉语中常用“被”、“给”、“由”、“受”等词用来表示被动， 而英语用：助动词be + 及物动词的过去分词(be done)构成。 (1) 常用时态的被动语态的构成： 被动语态的时态、人称和数的变化主要体现在be的变化上，其形式与系动词be的变化形式完全一样。以give 为例，列表如下： 一般现在时： am / is / are + given 一般过去时： was / were +given 一般将来时： shall / will +be+ given 过去进行时： was / were + being + given 现在进行时： am / is / are + being + given 过去完成时： had + been + given 现在完成时： have / has + been + given 将来完成时： shall / will + have been + given 过去将来时： should / would +be+ given 现在完成进行时： have/has been being done 含情态动词的被动语态：情态动词＋be done ［注］被动语态没有将来进行时和过去将来进行时。 2）被动语态的否定式：在第一个助动词后加not构成。 Russian?is?not?taught?in?our?school.?我们学校不教俄语。 3）被动语态的疑问式：把第一个助动词提到主语之前,句尾加问号构成。 Were?many?trees?planted?on?the?hill?yesterday? ?昨天山上种了许多树吗？??How?much?money?was?stolen?in?all? ?一共被偷了多少钱？ 主动语态与被动语态的转换 口诀： 宾语提前主语变， 原主变宾by后见， 时态人称be关键。 主语+谓语+宾语 注意：把主动语态变为被动语态时，其谓语动词的时态要与原句时态保持一致，其谓语动词的数要与新主语保持一致。 (They bought a new computer last term. A new computer ________________ last term. ②He plants trees in spring. (改为被动语态) _____________________________________________ ③Tom will clean the room tomorrow. (改为被动语态) _____________________________________________ ④Someone has told me the sports meeting might be put off. (改为被动语态) _______________________________________________________________ 2. 主语+谓语+间接宾语（sb.）+直接宾语（sth.） My uncle gave me a present on my birthday. → I was given a present (by my uncle) on my birt