初三英语定语从句详解及练习.docVIP

定语从句的用法和精练 一、定语从句的概念 ??? 在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词,定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。 ??? 二、定语从句的关系词 ??? 引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词,常见的关系代词包括that, which, who(宾格whom,所有格whose)等,关系副词包where, when, why等。关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用,同时又作定语从句的重要成分。 ??? 三、定语从句的分类 ??? 根据定语从句与先行词的关系,定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句紧跟先行词,主句与从句不用逗号分开,从句不可省去,非限制性定语从句主句与从句之间有逗号分开,起补充说明作用,如省去,意思仍完整。 ??? 四、关系代词的用法 ??? 1. that 既可以用于指人,也可以用于指物。在从句中作主语或宾语,作主语时不可省略,作宾语可省略。例如:??? Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。(that作主语) ??? The coat (that) I put on the desk is blue.我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。(that作宾语) ??? 2.which用于指物,在句中作主语或宾语,作主语不可省略,作宾语可省略。例如: ??? The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket.位于火车站附近的那座大楼是一家超市。(作主语) ??? The film (which) we saw last night was wonderful. 我们昨天晚上看的那部电影很好看。(作宾语) ??? 3.who, whom用于指人,who 用作主语,whom用作宾语。在口语中,有时可用who代替whom, 也可省略。例如: ??? The girl who often helps me with my English is from England.经常在英语方面帮助我的那个女孩是英国人。(作主语) ??? Who is the teacher (whom) Li Ming is talking to? 正在与李明谈话的老师是谁?(作宾语) ??? 注意:(1)当定语从句中含有介词,介词放在句末时,who, that, which可省略,但介词在关系代词前时,只能用“介词+which/whom”结构。例如: ??? This is the house in which we lived last year.这是我们去年居住的房子。 ??? Please tell me from whom you borrowed the English novel.请告诉我你从谁那借的这本英文小说。 (2)含有介词的固定动词词组中,介词不可前置,只能放在原来的位置上。例如: ??? This is the person whom you are looking for. 这就是你要找的那个人。 ??? (3)that 作介词的宾语时,介词不能放它的前面,只能放在从句中动词的后面。例如: ??? The city that she lives in is very far away.她居住的城市非常远。 ??? (4)关系词只能用that的情况: ??? a. 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰,或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时,只能用that,而不用which.例如: ??? He was the first person that passed the exam. 他是第一个通过考试的人。 ??? b.被修饰的先行词为all, any, much, many, everything, anything, none, the one等不定代词时,只能用that,而不用which.例如: ??? Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop? 你在商店里有什么东西要买吗? ??? c.先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last, little, few 等词修饰时,只能用that,而不用which.例如: ??? This is the same bike that I lost.这就是我丢的那辆自行车。 ??? d. 先行词里同时含有人或物时,只能用that, 而不用which.例如: ??? I can remember well th