初中时态讲解3.pptVIP

现在完成时 现在完成时的构成 过去分词的构成 现在完成时的主要用法 现在完成时的主要用法 3.表示人曾有过或到目前为止从未有过的经历. 现在完成时的时间状语 ◆常与①already, ②never, ③ever, ④just, ⑤yet, ⑥before, ⑦up to now, ⑧so far, ⑨for the last few weeks ⑩these days, ⑾since ⑿for a long time 连用 短暂性动词与时间段的关系 ●短暂性动词在肯定句、疑问句中不能与时间段连用，这些动词是：①become, ②begin, ③buy, ④borrow, ⑤come (go, arrive), ⑥die, ⑦finish, ⑧join, ⑨ leave, 等。 become →be, begin→ have , borrow → keep, buy → have, come (go, arrive, get) →be here/there/in…， die→ be dead, finish→ be over, join→ be in …（be a member of … ） leave→ be away ( from…), ●但在否定句中，短暂性动词可以与时间段连用。 如：I haven’t bought the bike for a year. 我买这辆自行车还不到一年。 She hasn’t come here for an hour. 她来这儿还没有一个小时。 have been 与have gone 的用法比较 have been to 意思是“到过，去过”，表示曾经到过某处，但现在人不在那儿。 have gone to 意思是“去了”，表示已经去了某地，现在人可能在去的途中或已在那儿了。 have been in 意思是“呆在某处一段时间了” Has she ever been to Nanjing? 她曾去过南京吗？ You have never been there, have you? 你以前从未去过那儿，是吗？ I have been to Guiling ,I went there last year. 我去过桂林，我去年去的。 She has gone to Nanjing. 她已经去南京了。 ?与一般过去时的用法比较 一.现在完成时和一般过去时都是说过去的事情，但现在完成时注意的不是事情本身，而是强调事情与现在保持的某种密切联系（如现在的结果，影响,一直延续到现在等）;而一般过去时，则只讲述发生在过去的动作和事情与现在没有关系。 eg：He has bought an English-Chinese dictionary. 他已经买了一本英汉字典。 He bought an English-Chinese dictionary. 他曾买过一本英汉字典。 二．当有一个表示过去某一特定时间的状语时，不用现在完成时，而用一般过去时: 三．常与一般过去时连用的典型的 表示过去时间的状语: 用Have been to, have gone to, have been in 填空 Mike and his parents __________ the north for half a year. Mum is not at home now. she _________ the shop. ______ you ever _____ to kunming ? Never. Where _____ you ______ these days? Has Jim arrived yet? Yes, he _______ here for several days. Where is Peter? I don’t know where he ________. Hi Jim! Where _____ you _____ ? Li Lei is looking for you.