初中英语被动语态15341.docVIP

初中英语被动语态　 英语的语态共有两种：主动语态和被动语态。 主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。学习被动语态，我们要了解以下几点： 一．在哪些情况下使用被动语态。 　　1. 讲话者不知道动作的执行者或不必说出动作的执行者时。 (这时可省 by 短语)。 　　例 My bike was stolen last night. 　　2. 借助被动的动作突出动作的执行者。 　　例 I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should accept the offer. 　　3. 为了更好地安排句子。 　　例The well-known person got on the bus and was immediately recognized by people. （一个主语就够了） 二、被动语态的构成 被动语态由助动词be+及物动词的过去分词构成。被动语态的时态变化只改变be的形式，过去分词部分不变。疑问式和否定式的变化也如此。 　　1. 被动语态的基本时态变化以do为例，各种时态的被动语态形式为： 　 1) am/is/are +done (过去分词) 一般现在时 例Visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits. 2） has /have been done 现在完成时 　　例All the preparations for the task have been completed, and were ready to start. 　　3） am/is /are being done 现在进行时 　　例A new cinema is being built here． 　　4） was/were done 一般过去时 　　例I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should reject the offer. 　　5） had been done 过去完成时 　　例 By the end of last year, another new gymnasium had been completed in Beijing. 　　6） was/were being done 过去进行时 　　例A meeting was being held when I was there. 　　7） shall/will be done 一般将来时 　　例Hundreds of jobs will be lost if the factory closes. 　　8） should/would be done 过去将来时 　　例The news would be sent to the soldiers mother as soon as it arrived. 2.含有情态动词的被动语态 　 情态动词的被动语态结构为：情态动词+be+过去分词；其时态及句型的变化仅由情态动词完成，be+过去分词部分不变。如： 　Tables can be made of stone.桌子可由石头制造。 　Tables could be made of stone at that time. 那时桌子可由石头制造。（一般过去时） 　Can tables be made of stone? 桌子能用石头制造吗？（疑问句） 三、主动语态变为被动语态转换图示： 1、主动语态变为被动语态的步骤： 　（1）将主动句的宾语变为主语： 　注意：如果主动句的宾语是代词，需将其由宾格变为主格。如： 　 Tom killed him. → He was killed by Tom. 　（2）将动词改为be+过去分词。 　注意： They held a meeting yesterday. → A meeting was held by them yesterday. 　（3）将主动句的主语改为by的宾语，放在谓语动词后。 　注意：如果原主语是代词，则应由主格变为宾格。 　He sang a song. → A song was sung by him. 2、主动语态变为被动语态的注意事项： 　 含有双宾语，即直接宾语（常指事物）和间接宾语（常指人）的句子，每个宾语都可变为被动语态的主语，即其被动语态有两种形式。但多以间接宾语作主语。 Jack told us the truth. We were told the truth by Jack. Jack told the truth to us. The truth was told to u