初中英语被动语态复习.txt.docVIP

初中英语被动语态复习 一、被动语态概述 语态是动词的一种形式，用以说明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。英语的语态共有两种：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。被动语态是动词的一种特殊形式，一般说来，只有需要动作对象的及物动词才有被动语态。汉语往往用被、受、给等词来表示被动意义。 如： He opened the door.他打开了这扇门。（主动语态） The door was opened.这扇门被打开了。（被动语态） 二、被动语态的构成 被动语态由助动词be+及物动词的过去分词构成。被动语态的时态变化只改变be的形式，过去分词部分不变。疑问式和否定式的变化也如此。 1、被动语态的时态较常见的八种，现以动词clean为例列表说明： 2、被动语态的句式变化： 以一般现在时和动词invite为例，列表说明被动语态的句式变化： 　3、含有情态动词的被动语态 　情态动词的被动语态结构为：情态动词+be+过去分词；其时态及句型的变化仅由情态动词完成，be+过去分词部分不变。如： 　Tables can be made of stone.桌子可由石头制造。 　Tables could be made of stone at that time. 那时桌子可由石头制造。（一般过去时） 　Can tables be made of stone? 桌子能用石头制造吗？（疑问句） 1、主动语态变为被动语态的步骤： 　（1）将主动句的宾语变为主语： 　注意：如果主动句的宾语是代词，需将其由宾格变为主格。如： 　Tom killed him. → He was killed by Tom. 　（2）将动词改为be+过去分词。 　注意： 　They held a meeting yesterday. → A meeting was held by them yesterday. 　他们昨天开会了。 　（3）将主动语态的主语改为be…放在谓语动词后。 　注意：如果原主语是代词，则应由主格变为宾格。 　He sang a song. → A song was sung by him. 2、主动语态变为被动语态的注意事项： 　 含有双宾语，即直接宾语（常指事物）和间接宾语（常指人）的句子，每个宾语都可变为被动语态的主语，即其被动语态有两种形式。但多以间接宾语作主语。 　Jack told us the truth.杰克告诉了我们真相。 　We were told the truth by Jack. 　The truth was told (to) us by Jack. 四、下列动词（词组）没有被动式： 1.、　系动词无被动语态：以主动形式表示被动之意 常见的系动词有： ① be动词 ② ……起来（7个）：look/seem/appear, feel(感觉，摸起来), sound, smell, taste e.g. She seems/appears happy. It smells terrible. ③ (逐渐)变得/变成：become, grow, get, turn, come, go e.g. His wish has come true. People often went hungry in the old days. The tree is growing tall. ④ 保持：keep, stay e.g. We must keep quiet in the reading room. 2、happen, take place, break out, belong to ,cost, take 3、不及物动词sell, wash, read , write, open, close, shut, lock, wear等，常用主动形式表示被动意义。　 ○1、An accident was happened yesterday.（×）昨天发生了一起事故。 　 An accident happened yesterday. 　○2、The flower smells sweet.这花闻起来很香。 　○3、The watch looks good.这表看起来很好。 　○4、This book sells well.这本书畅销。 ○5、The kind of cloth washes well. 这种布很容易洗。 ○6、The article reads well. 这篇文章读起来很好。 ○7、The supermarket opens at 8:00 in the morni