初中英语被动语态讲解15364.docVIP

被动语态 【被动语态】 （一）语态英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。 　　主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。 　　例如：Many people speak Chinese. 　　谓语：speak的动作是由主语many people来执行的。 被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。例如：Chinese is spoken by many people.主语English是动词speak的承受者。 二被动语态的构成 　　被动语态由“助动词be＋及物动词的过去分词”构成。人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。现以speak为例说明被动语态在各种时态中的构成。 　　一般现在时：am／is／are＋spoken 　　一般过去时：was／were＋spoken 　　一般将来时：will／shall be＋spoken 　　现在进行时：am／is／are being＋spoken 　　过去进行时：was/were being＋spoken 　　现在完成时：have／has been＋spoken 　　过去完成时：had been + spoken 三被动语态的用法 　（1）不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。 　　例如：Some new computers were stolen last night.　一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。（不知道是谁偷的） 　　This bridge was founded in 1981.这座桥竣工于1981年。 　（2）强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。 　　例如：The glass was broken by Mike.玻璃杯是迈克打破的。 　　This book was written by him.这本书是他写的。 　　Your homework must be finished on time.你们的家庭作业必须及时完成。 1.主动语态变为被动语态的步骤： （1）将主动句的宾语变为主语： 　注意：如果主动句的宾语是代词，需将其由宾格变为主格。如： 　Tom killed him. → He was killed by Tom. 主动结构的主语变为介词by的宾语，组成介词短语，放在被动结构中谓语动词之后。在动作的执行者无须说明或不必要强调时，by短语可以省略。主动语态、被动语态两种时态要保持一致。 　（2）将动词改为be+过去分词。 　They held a meeting yesterday. → A meeting was held by them yesterday. 　他们昨天开会了。 　（3）将主动语态的主语改为be…放在谓语动词后。 　注意：如果原主语是代词，则应由主格变为宾格。 　He sang a song. → A song was sung by him. 2、主动语态变为被动语态的注意事项： 　 含有双宾语，即直接宾语（常指事物）和间接宾语（常指人）的句子，每个宾语都可变为被动语态的主语，即其被动语态有两种形式。但多以间接宾语作主语。 　Jack told us the truth.杰克告诉了我们真相。 　We were told the truth by Jack. 　The truth was told (to) us by Jack. 主动语态变被动语态的方法 　 五含有情态动词的被动语态 　　含有情态动词的主动句变成被动句时，由“情态动词＋be＋过去分词”构成 　　We can repair this watch in two days. 　　This watch can be repaired in two days. 　　They should do it at once. 　　It should be done at once. 　六特殊情况 　　1.He made the boy work for two hours yesterday. 　　The boy was made to work by him for two hours yesterday. 　　2.Mother never lets me watch TV . 　　I am never let to watch TV by mother. 　　3.Jack gave Peter a Christmas present just now. 　　（1）A Christmas present was given to Peter by Jack just now. 　　（2）Peter was given a Christmas present by Jack just now.It is(was)agreed(believed