初中英语语法结构图.pptVIP

一．名词I. 名词的种类： 6. cut across抄近路 cut down砍倒，削减 cut off切断，割掉，断绝关系 cut up连根拔除，切碎 cut through剪断，凿穿 cut out删（省）掉，戒掉 cut in插嘴 7. die of (disease/hunger/grief/old age)死于（疾病，饥饿，寒冷，情感原因） die from死于（意外事故、情形） die away渐渐消逝 die out绝种 die down(炉火)渐熄 die off逐一死去 8. fall behind落后 fall over ones feet 跌跤 fall down掉下，跌倒 fall back撤退，后退 9. hand in交上，提交 hand out分发 hand down流传，遗传 10. hang about闲逛 hang up挂电话 11. go in for从事，喜爱，参加 go through通过，经受 go over复习，检查 go up（价格）上涨，建造起来 go after追捕，追赶 go against违反 go ahead先行，开始吧，问吧，说吧 go away离开 go by时间过去 go on(with)继续进行 go down下沉，降低，（日、月）西沉 go with相配，陪同 go without没有，缺少 go out外出，熄灭 go all out全力以赴 go off爆炸，进行，变坏，断电，停止供应 go back on背约，食言 go beyond超出 12. get down下来，记下，使沮丧 get down to致力于，专心于 get on进展，进步，穿上，上车 get off脱下,下车 get in收集，插（话） get away逃跑，逃脱，去休假 get over忘记，越过，克服，从疾病中恢复 get along with进展，相处 get up起床 get through打通电话，完成，通过 get round消息传开 get close to sth. 接近，几乎 get into (trouble) get to (know) get back取回，收回 13. give away赠送，泄露，出卖 give out发出，疲劳，分发，公布 give off发出（光、热、气体） give in (to sb.) 屈服 give up放弃，让（座位） 14. hold back阻止，隐瞒 hold up举起，使停顿 hold on别挂电话，等，坚持 hold out持续，坚持，伸出 hold down控制，镇压 II. 动词的被动语态： can/must/may be asked 含有情态动词的 10 am/is/are being asked 现在进行时 5 will/would have been asked 将来完成时 9 should/would be asked 过去将来时 4 had been asked 过去完成时 8 shall/will be asked 一般将来时 3 have/has been asked 现在完成时 7 was/were asked 一般过去时 2 was/were being asked 过去进行时 6 am/is/are asked 一般现在时 1 构成 常用被动语态 构成 常用被动语态 下面词或短语没有被动态： leave, enter, reach, become, benefit, cost, equal, contain, last, lack, fit, fail, have, appear, happen, occur, belong to, take place, break out, come about, agree with, keep up with, consist of, have on, lose heart等等 下面主动形式常表示被动意义：如： The window wants/needs/requires repairing. The book is worth reading twice. The door won’t shut. / The play won’t a