主谓一致－语法专题(明金).docVIP

主谓一致(Subject-verb Concord) 主谓一致指的是谓语动词在人称和数上必须与主语一致。处理一致关系，有以下三个原则可遵循。 a) 语法一致（grammatical concord）——从语法形式上取得一致。主语为单数形式，谓语也为单数形式；主语为复数形式，谓语也为复数形式。 【例如】The content of these books is very good. The questions he raised are very important. b) 意义一致（notional concord）——在意义上取得一致。如果有时主语在语法形式上虽为单数，但意义为复数，谓语动词采用复数形式。反之，如果主语在语法形式上是复数，而在意义上可视为单数，随后的动词也用单数。 【例如】The family were having their dinner at the table. Fifteen minutes is a short period of time. c) 就近原则（principle of proximity）——谓语动词的人称和数和靠得最近的主语的人称和数保持一致。 【例如】Either my brothers or my father is coming. Not only he but also I am to be responsible for the error. 7．1 名词作主语时的主谓一致 1）单、复数同形的名词作主语 单、复数同形的名词，特别是以-s结尾的单、复数同形的名词：deer, sheep, aircraft, species, series, works, headquarters, means, crossroads等。要根据句中出现的限定词或代词确定其单复数。 【例如】Every means has been tried to help him out of trouble. Many means have been tried to help him out of trouble. 2）集体名词作主语 只能作复数的集体名词：cattle, poultry, people, folk, police等。 【例如】 The police were trying hard to catch the escaped prisoner. The cattle were grazing on the meadow.audience, class, public, staff, team, government, couple, board, army, family, committee, crowd, jury等。根据意义一致原则来决定谓语动词的单复数。如果将该名词所表示的集体视为一个整体，则动词用单数。如果将侧重点放在组成集体的成员上，动词用复数。 【例如】The government has imposed a ban on demonstrations. The government have discussed the matter for a long time. 通常只作不可数名词的集体名词作主语 如furniture, equipment, machinery, foliage, merchandise等作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。 【例如】The furniture in the house matches the color of the walls. All the machinery in the factory is made in the United States. The merchandise has arrived undamaged. 5）表示学科、游戏或疾病的名词作主语 这类名词即使是以-s结尾，其谓语用单数形式。 【例如】Politics is the art or science of government. Has the skittles been a popular game in English? Mumps is a kind of infectious disease. 6）名词+介词（或分词）短语作主语 如果主语是单数，尽管后面有with, together with, as well as, no less than, like, but, except, rather than, combined with等引起的短语，谓语动词仍用单数。 【例如】An expert, together with some assistants, was sent to h