【优质】Researchframework,questionandhypotheses[课件].ppt

Research framework, question and hypotheses Weng, Li Chueh CGU Frameworks Framework is the abstract, logical structure of meaning that guides the development of the study and enables the researcher to links the finding to nursing’ s body of knowledge. A framework should be well integrated with the methodology. A testable theory that emerge from a conceptual model or from clinical observations. (quantitative studies) A philosophy or world view (qualitative studies) Definition of terms Construct, Concept, variables A concept is a term that abstractly describes and names an object or phenomenon. “anxiety” A variable is more specific than a concept. It is more concrete and measurable. A conceptual definition differs from the denotative definition of a word. Concept synthesis: the process of describing and naming a previously unrecognized concept. Concept derivation: obtained from theories in other disciplines. Concept analysis: explore the various ways the term is used and to identify a set of characteristics * Measurement depends on the conceptual definition Relational statement A relationship of some kinds exists between or among two or more concepts. The objective, question, or hypothesis formulated The design of the study The statistical analysis The type of finding expected characteristics Direction: positive, negative, or unknown Shape: linear, curvilinear Strength: effect size Symmetry Sequencing: time (concurrent, sequential) Probability of occurrence: deterministic or probabilistic (p value) Necessity (necessary or substitutable): one concept must occur for the second concept to occur Sufficiency (sufficient or contingent) Statement hierarchy (general propositions, specific proposition, hypotheses) General proposition: 內在或外在的刺激會正向影響身體反應（刺激越大，身體反應越大） Specific proposition: 運動的活動度會正向影響肌肉整合性（運動量越大，肌肉整合性越大） Hypothesis: 假使護理人員運用適當的活動協助病人維持肌肉張力，則病人因為不動帶來問題會較少 Conceptual model A conceptual model is a set of highly abstract, related construct that broadly ex