【优质】ScreeningforCancerCervixbyVisualTechnique.ppt

09 Screenig For Cancer Cervix by Visual Technique Screening for Cancer Cervix by Visual Technique Professor .Surendra Nath Panda,M.S. of Obstetrics and Gynecology M.K.C.G.Medical College Berhampur, 760004, Orissa, India Cervical Cancer 500,000 new cases identified each year 80% of the new cases occur in developing countries At least 200,000 women die of cervical cancer each year Cervical cancer is the third most common cancer worldwide Cervical Cancer: Aetiology Cause: HPV -a sexually transmitted infection Women are generally infected with HPV in their teens, 20s, 30s Cervical cancer can develop up to 20 years after HPV infection Natural History of Cervical Cancer: Prevention of Cervical Cancer Cervical cancer is a preventable disease Primary prevention: Education to reduce high risk sexual behaviour Measures to reduce/avoid exposure to HPV and other STIs Secondary prevention: Treatment of precancerous lesions before they progress to cervical cancer (implies practical screening test) Secondary Prevention of Ca.Cx. Key Point is to detect precancerous lesions – “Down staging” Answer: - A good screening method PAP smear test is considered to be the gold standard – Has limitations ? Alternatives to Pap Smear – What are they? Qualities of a Good Screening Test? Limitations of Pap Smears for National Screening Programs Pap smear-based programs require complex logistics, advanced training, and well managed program implementation for adequate testing to occur. These elements are not available outside large cities in many low-resource settings. Even in large cities, quality pap smears are possible but ongoing supervision, refresher training and continued supplies are necessary. Cytology is not viable as a nationally accessible screening method in many developing countries in Low Resource Settings. Alternatives to Pap Smear Screening Cervical cancer is a significant public health problem in many countries. Cervical cancer is a sexually transmitted disease. Cervical