国际经济学期末考试复习.docVIP

一 名词解释（ English） 4×4′ 单项选择 15×2′ 三 计算题（中英文） 2， 作图分析 2题， 五 论述题 1×15′两个老师都说的义项解释两个定义任选一个） 3 Opportunity cost[OC]（p.28）① The loss of potential gain from other alternatives when one alternative is chosen. ·定义② The highest valued alternative given up；The relevant cost in every decision. Comparative advantage[CA]（p.29）定义① The ability of a party to produce a particular good or service at a lower marginal and opportunity cost over another. ② The ability to produce a good at a lower（or the lowest） OC，when compared with other producers）Absolute advantage（.32）定义① The ability of a party to produce more of a good or service than competitorsusing the same amount of resources. 定义② the ability to produce a greater amount of some goods than other producers， the same amount of resources. Gains from trade（.36）Net benefits to agents from allowing an increase in voluntary trading with each other. Chapter 5 Terms of trade[TOT]（p.89）① The price of a country’s exports divided by The price of its imports——on a nation’s welfare. 公式定义 External economies of scale（.116）The cost per unit depends on the size of the industry but not necessary on the size of any one firm. Internal economies of scale（p.116）The cost per unit depends on the size of an individual firm but not necessary on that of the industry. Duping（.135）① Selling goods at lower than their normal price，especially in the export market. 定义② A firm charges a lower price for exported goods than it does for the same goods sold domestically. Chapter 8 Ad valorem tariffs[Latin for “according to value”]（p.182）① Taxes that are levied as a fraction of the value of the imported goods. 定义② Taxes based on the value of the imported goods. Specific tariffs（.182）Taxes that are levied as a fixed charge for each unit of goods imported. 定义② Import tax expressed in an amount of money per unit imported. 下册Chapter 13 11. Spot exchange rates（.325）① The rate of a foreign-exchange contract for immediate delivery. 定义② An exchange rate that is quoted and t