3中国玻璃的历史与现状(中英文对照版).docVIP

中国玻璃的历史与现状 没有人清楚玻璃在何时何地以何种方式产生...... 中国制作玻璃的启蒙时期可以推算到春秋末战国初那个烽火连天的时代，大约比美索不达米亚平原上的第一块玻璃晚上整整2500年。河南辉县玻璃阁出土的吴王夫差剑上镶嵌有3片玻璃，湖北江陵出土的越王勾践剑上镶有2片玻璃，它们差不多是中国现在已经出土的年代最早的玻璃了。但其后发展一直很缓慢。自春秋至汉代为中国玻璃制造的早期阶段，当时已能炼制七种颜色的玻璃，制作工艺有模制、堆贴、镶嵌等。至清代，玻璃制造业有很大发展，最大的产地为山东的颜神镇，其次有苏州、广州等。 民国元年（1912年）长沙工商业者彭次英，肖丽生等人集股白银18万两，于长沙六铺街建麓山玻璃公司.据海关史载，年出口值约六七万关平两（每一关平两约折合银元1.6元）。 中华人民共和国建立后，湖南玻璃工业有了较快的发展。1954年，原来小而分散的30家玻璃企业改组合并为公私合营长沙市玻璃厂，湘潭市玻璃厂，衡阳市玻璃厂，邵阳市玻璃厂，洪江市玻璃厂和长沙晶湘玻璃生产合作社等五厂一社。其中，长沙晶湘玻璃厂是肖丽生的小儿子肖衡甫于五十年代初创办的。 肖阴云即肖丽生的孙子，继承了祖父辈的事业，其年轻时在桂林与李四光在同一研究所工作，后在桂林创办玻璃厂。由于战乱，玻璃厂迁到了重庆，最后又迁到香港。新中国成立后，肖阴云毅然将其在香港的产业和公司送给好友和徒弟，带着90多个技术人员和少量的设备回国创业，在湖南他创办了当时国内最大的晶湘搪瓷热水瓶厂。后晶湘搪瓷热水瓶厂分成保温瓶厂和搪瓷厂两部分。 上海、大连及重庆等地作为近代中国民族工业的发源地，人工玻璃工业曾盛极一时，曾有“北有大连，南有北玻”之说，（注：“北玻”指重庆北碚玻璃厂）. 近年来，以出口为主导的手工玻璃行业发展迅速，出口总额年均增长1亿美元。 The History and Current Situation of Chinese Glass Nobody really knows where, when and how glass was first produced······ The Enlightenment Period of Chinese glassmaking can be dated back to the late Spring and Autumn Period and early Warring States Period, when the flames of battles raged everywhere. This puts the advent of Chinese glassmaking 2500 years later than that on the Mesopotamian Plains. The sword of Fuchai (King of Wu), unearthed in Hui County of Henan Province has three slices of glass, while the sword of King Yue, which was unearthed in Jiangling, Hubei Province, has two slices of glass. These two artifacts are the oldest to have been excavated to date in China. But it had a slow development from then. The Spring and Autumn Period to Han Dynasty was first period of China’s glassmaking. At that time, people could use the making methods, such as mold-made、stack and inlaying to made glass with severn colors. During Qing Dynasty, the glassmaking had a great development. The largest producing area was Yanshen town, in Shangdong province, then Suzhou and Guangzhou etc. In the first year of the Republic of China, the businessmen Peng Ciying and Xiao Lisheng in Changsha gathered 180,000 Liang (a unit o