上海市深化医药卫生体制改革100问.ppt

What are Mushroom Nutriceuticals? Market value of medicinal mushrooms 1991 - US$1.2 billion (Chang, 1993) 1994 - US$3.6 billion (Chang, 1996) 1999 - US$6.0 billion (Wasser et al. 2000) Current estimate – US$14 billion Sales patterns Pre-1995: 99% of all sales of medicinal mushrooms and their derivatives were concluded in Asia and Europe 0.1% in North America Recent years: both North and South American demands have increased 20-40% annually depending upon the species China is the major producer and consumer of medicinal mushrooms In 2000, 100 research units/institutes were engaged on R D of medicinal mushrooms Some 30-40 varieties of mushroom products for use as nutriceuticals/herbal medicines were manufactured in more than 200 factories About 700 mushroom-based health food products, including 90 brands of G. lucidum products, were registered and marketed (Lin, 2000) Feedstocks for mushroom products Chang Miles (2004) reported that: ~77% of all medicinal mushroom products were derived from fruiting bodies, which have either been cultivated commercially or collected from the wild Only ~21% of all products were derived from fungal mycelia Approximately 2% were derived from culture filtrates Mycelial- and culture broth-based products increasing in importance Demands for increased safety and quality control, and for year-round production Submerged culture processes can readily be standardized under controlled conditions Downstream processing of active components released into the culture medium usually involve relatively simple procedures Production methods Powdered whole wild/cultivated fruit bodies, primordia or mycelium Hot water/EtOH/MeOH of extracts of wild/cultivated fruit bodies or mycelium Extracts of powdered fruit bodies obtained using supercritical fluid CO2 Various combinations of the above LABELLING Of 40 mushroom products examined in shops/companies, only two (both Ganoderma products) had labelling that revealed