毕业论文初稿 2.doc

（ 二 〇 一 三 年 六 月 摘要 铝是具有很多比其他有色金属、钢铁、塑料和木材等更优良的特性，列如密度小，仅仅为铁的2.7 g / cm3，大约为铜或钢铁的1/3左右；它有良好的耐蚀性和耐候性；良好的导热性和导电性；良好的塑性和加工性能；良好的耐低温性能，对光热电波的反射率高、表面性能好；无毒性；无磁性；吸音性；抗核辐射性；耐酸性；比较小的弹性系数；力学性良好；良好的抗撞击性；铸造性能和焊接性良好。同时，铝还具有高温性能、切削加工性、成型性能、铆接性以及表面处理性能。因此，在航天、航海、航空、汽车、交通运输、桥梁、建筑、电子电气、冶金化工、能源动力、农业排灌、机械制造、电器家具、日用文体、包装防腐等各个领域铝的应用都十分广泛. 在铝合金中 6063铝属于Al-Mg-Si系，基体为铝作为基体，镁和硅作为主要的元素，在液态的铝中加入镁和硅，镁和硅就会溶解在铝中，冷却到固态时，镁和硅会保留在铝基体中，不析出，化合物Mg2Si形成，杂质元素铁、锰等会在铝中形成，还会形成AlFeSi，如果加入的Mg比 Si多时还会形成Mg2Al3。 关键词：铝；铝合金；6063铝合金 abstract Aluminum has a series of than other non-ferrous metals, steel, plastic and wood and other excellent properties, such as density is small, only 2.7 g / cm3, about copper or steel 1/3; good corrosion resistance and weatherability; good plastic property and processing performance; good thermal and electrical conductivity; good low temperature resistance performance, on the thermal wave reflectivity, surface properties; magnetic; basic non-toxic; acoustic; good acid resistance; nuclear radiation resistant; elastic coefficient; good mechanical properties; excellent casting and welding performance; good impact resistance. In addition, aluminum high temperature performance, formability, cutting, riveting and surface treatment performance is also quite good. Therefore, in the aerospace, marine, aviation aluminum, automotive, transportation, bridges, buildings, electrical power, metallurgy, chemical, agricultural irrigation and drainage, machinery manufacturing, packaging, furniture, daily style electrical anti-corrosion and other fields have been widely used. 6063 in the series of aluminum alloy belongs to Al-Mg-Si series, matrix for aluminum (Al ), the main elements of magnesium ( Mg ) and silicon ( Si ), when the magnesium ( Mg ) and silicon ( Si ) is added to the liquid aluminum, ( Mg ) and silicon ( Si ) will be dissolved in aluminum when cooling, solid, magnesium ( Mg ) and silicon ( Si ) is still retained in the aluminum matrix, no precipitation, and the fo