embryonicstemcell_留学生.ppt

History of Animal Cloning How Successful Was Animal Cloning? Very low (~1-3%) iPS cells generation in patient fibroblasts Parkinson’s disease (Wernig and Jaenisch, 2008, Maehr and Melton PNAS 2009). Amyopathic Lateral Sclerosis, (Dimos and Eggan Science 2008) Type I diabetes (Maehr and Melton PNAS 2009) ADA-SCID, SBDS, Gaucher disease, Duchenne and Becker Muscular dystrophi, Huntington disease, JDM, Down syndrome, Lesch-Nyhan syndrome. (Park and Daley Cell 2008). iPS cells generation from other cell types Blood cells (Loh and Daley 2009). B-cells (Hanna and Jaenisch Cell 2008) Blood stem cells (Emiinli and Hochedlinger Nat Genet 2009) Pancreatic b-cells (Stadtfeld and Hochedlinger Cell Stem Cell2008) Hepatic and gastric endoderm (Aoi and Yamanaka Science 2008) Neural stem cells (Kim and Scholar, Nature 2008) iPS cell reprogramming: Problems Use of viral vectors for induction Low efficiency of reprogramming Risk of tumour formation Efficient differentiation protocols required To investigate the molecular mechanism for cell differentiation and proliferation To test new drugs. safety The generation of cells and tissues for cell-based therapies, as a vector of gene therapy expressing target gene Replacement cells and tissues to treat diseases Parkinsons and Alzheimers diseases Spinal cord injury Stroke, burns Heart disease, Diabetes Osteoarthritis, and Rheumatoid arthritis Approximately one billion heart cells are lost during a serious heart attack. If one survives the initial event, a progressive chronic heart failure often occurs due to the replacement of functional beating heart cells with a tough fibrous scar Substantia Nigra and Parkinson Disease DA Brain stem Red nucleus Substantia Nigra Superior colliculus Pyramidal systen Extrapyramidal system Corpus striatum Parkinson disease vs normal Alzheimer’s Disease the Brain Loss of nerve cells within brain “shrunken, shriveled” Hippocampus, basal forebrain and cortex are affected AD Normal gyr