Jointsoflimbs(冯娜).ppt

Chapter 2 The Arthrology 1. 掌握肩关节、肘关节、腕关节、髋关节、膝 关节和踝关节的构成、特点及运动。 2. 掌握髋骨与脊柱间的韧带连结，骨盆的组成与分部。 3.了解胸锁关节、肩锁关节、骶髂关节的构成，足弓的构成及功能。 The General Description Owing to the erect standing of human being, the upper limb has been freed and more movable from weight bearing and become a laboring organ. The joints of the upper limb are chiefly for the mobility in action, whereas the joints of the lower limb are for the stability. Ⅰ. Joints of upper limb  Ⅰ) Joints of the girdle of the upper limb 1.Sternoclavicular joint胸锁关节 *Composition: clavicular notch of sternum, and the first costal cartilage, sternal end of clavicle. *Feature: Articular capsule: strong *Movements(poly-axial joint) 2.Acromioclavicular joint 肩锁关节 ( plane joint) 3.Coracoacromial ligament喙肩韧带 Coracoacromial arch 喙肩弓 Ⅱ)Joints of free upper limb 1.Shoulder joint 肩关节 (ball-and-socket) ◆ Composition: head of humerus and glenoid cavity of scapula ◆ Feature: Type of joint: Capsule: Thin and loose ◆ Accessory structures : ◆ Glenoid labrum盂唇 ◆ Coracohumeral ligament 喙肱韧带 2. Elbow joint 肘关节(compound joint) ◆ Composition: lower end of humerus, upper ends of radius and ulna 1.Humeroulnar joint 肱尺关节 2.Humeroradial joint肱桡关节 3.Proximal radioulnar joint 桡尺近侧关节 ◆ Feature: Type of joint: compound joint Capsule: thin and loose anteriorly and posteriorly. Ligaments: 1.Radial collacteral ligament 桡侧副韧带 2. Ulnar collacteral ligament 尺侧副韧带 3. Annular ligament of radius 桡骨环状韧带 Movements: flexion and extension, pronation and supination 3.Joints between radius and ulnar 1) Proximal radioulnar joint 桡尺近侧关节 2) Distal radioulnar joint 桡尺远侧关节 3) Interosseous membrane of forearm 前臂骨间膜 2)Carpometacarpal joints ★ Carpometacarpal joint of thumb 拇指腕掌关节 ◆ Composition : trapezium and base of the first metacarpal ◆ Type of joint: saddle joint ◆ Movement: flexion, extension, adduction, abduction, and opposition 3)The oth