neonatologyforstudent.ppt

Facilitated assessment of GA 2. physiologic functions of different systems 2.1 respiratory system first breath fluid in the lung respiratory rate and rhythm respiratory tract pulmonary surfactant 2.1 respiratory system Neonatal respiratory distress syndrome, NRDS ;Hyaline membrane disease, HMD Asphyxia窒息 and aspiration pneumonia; Apnea呼吸暂停; Chronic lung disease, CLD; Bronchopulmonary dysplasia支气管肺发育异常, BPD 2.2 cardiovascular system changes of the blood circulation: *clamping of the umbilical arteries and vein *decreased pulmonary artery pressure *increased systemic circulation pressure *closure of foramen ovale卵圆孔 *closure of ductus arteriosus 动脉导管 heart rate blood pressure 2.2 cardiovascular system Patent foramen ovale卵圆孔未闭, PFO Patent ductus arteriosus动脉导管未闭, PDA Persistent fetal circulation, PFC Persistent pulmonary hypertension of newborn, PPHN 2.3 digestive system suck and swallow stomach sphincter of the esophagus and pylorus Intestine digestive enzyme Meconium胎便 hepatic enzyme 2.3 digestive system Gastroesophageal reflux, GER; Necrotizing enterocolitis坏死性小肠结肠炎, NEC; Constipation便秘: weak peristalsis Jaundice黄疸: high level of RBCs, weak hepatic function, enterohapatic circulation 2.4 urinary system urine concentration and dilution稀释; micturition; urine volume 2.4 urinary system Oliguria少尿 and edema水肿: Urinary concentration and dilution Later metabolic acidosis代谢性酸中毒 Acid-base balance 2.5 hematological system RBC, HGB, Ret WBC PLT total blood volume coagulation factors(II VII IX X) 2.5 hematological system Physiological anemia, anemia of prematurity: Hemoglobin, HGB Erythropoietin, EPO Erythrocytosis红细胞增多, polycythemia红血球增多症: twin transfusion syndrome mother-fetal transfusion 2.6 neurological system brain weight head circumference spinal cord primitive reflexes: rooting reflex 觅食反射 sucking reflex 吸吮反射 grasp reflex持握反射 Moro reflex拥抱反射 nervous reflex: tendon reflex翦反射 2.6 neurological system Periventricular/intraventricular h