Posteriorregionoflowerlimb.ppt

Structures passing suprapiriform foramen Superior gluteal n., a., v. from lateral to medial side Structures passing infrapiriform foramen Sciatic n., posterior femoral cutaneous n., inferior gluteal n., a.,v., internal pudendal v., a., and pudendal n. from lateral to medial side Pudendal nerve, internal pudendal artery These structures enter the gluteal region through the infrapiriform foramen. They then curve forwards to enter the perineum through the lesser sciatic foramen. ★ Sciatic nerve Course: It arises from the sacral plexus and passes through infrapiriform foramen into the gluteal region, deep to gluteus maximus, passing midway between the greater trochanter of femur and ischial tuberosity to back of thigh, the nerve lies deep to the long head of biceps on the posterior surface of adductor magnus. The sciatic nerve usually ends half-way down the back of the thigh by dividing into the common peroneal and tibial nerves. Distribution: semitendinosus, semimembranosus and biceps femoris and has articular branches to hip and knee joints Relationship of sciatic n. to the piriformis Boundaries of the popliteal fossa 腘窝 Diamond-shaped Upper lateral boundary: Biceps femoris Upper medial boundary: semimembranosus and semitendinosus Two lower boundaries are the heads of gastrocnemius Posterior wall: deep fascia Anterior wall: popliteal surface of the femur, the posterior capsule of the knee joint, and the fascia covering poplitells Contents of the popliteal fossa Tibial and common peroneal nerves and their branches Popliteal vein and its tributaries Popliteal artery and its branches Popliteal lympn nodes Fatty tissue Gastrocnemius 腓肠肌 Soleus 比目鱼肌 Plantaris 跖肌 Tibial nerve 胫神经 Popliteal artery 腘动脉 Popliteus腘肌 Flexor hallucis longus Flexor digitorum longus Tibialis posterior Posterior region of the leg 小腿后区 Malleolar canal 踝管 Formed by midial surface of calcaneus跟骨, flexor retinaculum屈肌支持带 and medial malleolus内踝 Structures passing Malleolar