Thepectoralregionandaxillaryregion（）_.ppt

Boundaries of the axilla Apex Base：axillary fascia 腋筋膜 Anterior wall：pectoralis major and pectoralis minor 胸大、小肌 subclavius muscles 锁骨下肌 clavipectoral fascia 锁胸筋膜 Posterior wall：subscapularis肩胛下肌, teres major大圆肌 latissimus dorsi背阔肌, scapula 肩胛骨 Medial wall： serratus anterior 前锯肌， intercostal muscles 肋间内肌 and upper four ribs Lateral wall： coracobrachialis 喙肱肌, biceps brachii 肱二头肌 intertubercular groove 结节间沟 2. Contents of the axilla Axillary artery Axillary vein Infraclavicular part of brachial plexus Axillary sheath Axillary lymph nodes Axillary artery Continuation of subclavian artery at lateral border of first rib Becomes brachial artery at lower border of teres major Divided into three parts by overlying pectoralis minor thoracoacromial a. 胸肩峰动脉 lateral thoracic a. 胸外侧动脉 subscapular a. 肩胛下动脉, throcodorsal a. 胸背动脉 and circumflex scapular a. 旋肩胛动脉 anterior and posterior humeral circumflex a. 旋肱前、后动脉; Axillary artery were divided into three parts: Axillary a. Thoracoacromial a. Musculocutaneous n. Median n. Medial antebrachial cutaneous n. Ulnar n. Medial brachial cutaneous n. Intercostobrachial n. Thoracodorsal n. a. Long thoracic n. lateral thoracic a. Lateral pectoral n. Axillary vein Brachial plexus 臂丛 Formation: （根、干、股、束） Five roots: formed by anterior rami of C5-C8 and T1 spinal nerves, roots C5～C7give rise to long thoracic n. 胸长神经 Three trunks Six divisions Three cords: below clavicle, divisions form three cords that surround the second portion of axillary a. Main branches Lateral cord Musculocutaneous n. 肌皮神经 Lateral root to median n. 正中神经外侧根 Medial cord Medial root to median n. 正中神经内侧根 Ulnar n. 尺神经 Medial brachial cutaneous n. 臂内侧皮神经 Medial antebrachial cutaneous n. 前臂内侧皮神经 Posterior cord radial n. 桡神经 axillary n. 腋神经 thoracodorsal n. 胸背神经 Musculocutan