timeandspace周上课.ppt

Space and time Communication verbal paralanguage communication non-verbal body language environment language time space Time as communication In learning this unit, we hope you will be able to answer: Why do Americans pay more emphasis to future? Why do Chinese like to address their superior as “old”？（e.g. 老王，老刘, etc） Is paying a visit to our acquaintance half an hour early than schedule considered politeness in America? Lead-in There are similarities as well as differences between Westerners and Chinese as regards their views towards time. 一寸光阴一寸金，寸金难买寸光阴。 唐朝诗人王贞白的七绝《白鹿洞》，全诗为：“一寸光阴一寸金，寸金难买寸光阴。若非道人来引笑，周情孔思正追寻。” 讲的是诗人刻苦读书，惜时如金。诗人认识到时间的宝贵，因此睹时如金，刻苦读书。 Read the following extracts and find out : what kind of world views towards the nature of time do people from different cultures have ? Case Study 1 巴西一家公司到美国去采购成套设备，巴西谈判小组成员因为上街购物耽误了时间。当他们到达谈判地点时，比预定时间晚了45分钟。美方代表对此极为不满，花了好长时间来指责巴西代表不遵守时间，没有信用。谈判开始，美方还对此事耿耿于怀，对此巴西代表感到理亏，也无心与美方代表讨价还价，对美方提出的要求也没静下心来认真考虑，匆匆忙忙就签订了合同。等到合同签订以后，巴西代表才发现自己吃了大亏，但已经晚了。 Case analysis 文化不同,对时间的期求和处理的规则也不同。美国 人视时间为金钱,时间观念很强。因此,他们总是十分守 时,见面后,相互之间一般只简单寒暄几句就进入主题,期 望在20 - 30 分钟内解决问题。而阿拉伯、南美和亚洲某些 商务会谈可能一连数小时,甚至数次都不涉及正题,而且有 一些必不可少的客套,诸如拉家常、喝咖啡或饮茶之类,其 目的是为了建立良好的人际关系。对此,美国人则视为浪 费时间。 不同的文化背景表现出不同的时间观念，北美人的时间观念很强，对他们来说，时间就是金钱；而东方和南美一些国家的时间观念不是那么强，迟到对他们来说并不是不可原谅。这个巴西的案例就充分说明了要了解不同国家的文化。 Case Study 2 America has always been the land of the future. We left the old world because its preoccupation with the customs of the past precluded the possibility for a future．We came to the new world because it premised a future for all…Because we’re interested in progressive change，we have not been great admirers of the past．We have a fetish for newness．And because newer is always better, our sense of personal worth and happiness is determined by our ability to participate in new