【重要】传染历年英文汇总版【不全】.doc

1 The characteristics of infectious diseases 1 Pathogen 2 Infectivity 3 Epidemiologic feature 4 Postinfection immunity 2 The common symptoms and signs (A) Fever： (a) sustained fever, e.g. typhoid fever, typhus; (b) remittent fever, e.g. remissive stage of typhoid fever and epidemic hemorrhagic fever; (c) intermittent fever, e.g. malaria and septicemia; (d) relapsing fever, e.g. relapsing fever and brocellosis. (e) saddle type fever, e.g. dengue fever. (B) Rash (eruption)发疹 (a) moculo-papular rash, e.g. measles, rubella, coxsakie virus infection; (b) petechia and ecchymosis, e.g. epidemic hemorrhagic fever, epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis and septicemia; (c) vesicle and pustule, e.g. varicella, herpes simplex, zoster and septicemia caused by staphylococcus aureus; (d) urticaria, e.g. serum sickness and virus hepatitis. (C) Toxemic symptoms ?fatigue, general malaise, anorexia, headache, myalgia, arthralgia, skeletal pain, and so on. ?disturbance of consciousness, delirium, meningeal irritation, toxic encephalopathy, respiratory and circulatory failure (septic shock), and so on. (D) The reactions of mononuclear phagocyte system (MPS) ?e.g. congestion, hyperplasia 3 Manifestation of infectious process (Infection spectrum) 1 Pathogen is eliminated or eradicated by host immunity 2 Covert infection e.g. typhoid fever, bacillary dysentery, viral hepatitis B 3 Overt infection measles and chickenpoxb 4 Carrier state e.g. typhoid fever 5 Latent infection herpes simplex, herpes zoster, malaria, tuberculosis, and so on. 4 pathogenecity of the pathogen 1 Invasiveness侵袭力 2 Virulence毒力 3 Amount of the pathogen 4 Variability变异性 5 essential conditions of epidemic process with infectious disease 1 Sources of infection传染源 ·patients (e.g. measles) ·the persons of covert infection (e.g. poliomyelitis, epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis), ?pathogen carriers (e.g. typhoid fever, bacillary dysentery) ?infected animals (rabies, plague, leptospirosis, tsutsugamushi disea