上下肢骨(李静）.ppt

The appendicular skeleton(附肢骨） the brief introduction Include the bones of upper and lower limbs. Because of the erect standing ,the upper limbs are released from weight bearing and become the organs of labour with greater and delicated mobility . So that the bones of upper limbs are lighter and smaller in shape and size, and accordingly the bones of lower limbs are very heavier and stronger. Bones of upper limbs（上肢骨） Composition: Should girdle clavicle 锁骨 scapula 肩胛骨 Bones of free upper limb In arm Humerus 肱骨 In forearm Ulna尺骨 Radius 桡骨 In hand Carpals (8)腕骨 Metacarpals(5) 掌骨 Phalanges(14) 指骨 Clavicle （锁骨） “S” shaped, inner two thirds(内 2/3) convex forwards and outer third（ 外 1/3） convex backwards Sternal end 胸骨端 medially（cylindrical） and acromial end 肩峰端 laterally (flatten) Scapula （肩胛骨） The scapula is a somewhat triangular flat bone on the posterolateral of the thorax between the second and seventh ribs . Two surfaces: Anterior (or costal) surface: subscapular fossa 肩胛下窝 Posterior (or dorsal) surface: spine of scapula 肩胛冈(sword) supra- and infraspinous fossa 冈上/下窝 acromion 肩峰 Three borders: Superior border : (上缘） scapular notch 肩胛切迹 coracoid process 喙突 Medial (vertebral) border 脊柱缘 Lateral (axillary) border 腋缘 Superior: opposite to the 2nd rib Inferior: opposite to the 7th rib or 7th intercostals space Lateral: glenoid cavity关节盂 supra- and infraglenoid tubercles 盂上、下结节 Radius ( 桡骨) (Lateral) Upper end: head of radius 桡骨头(articular circumference) neck of radius 桡骨颈 radial tuberosity 桡骨粗隆 Shaft interosseous border 骨间缘 Lower end: styloid process 桡骨茎突 ulnar notch 尺切迹 carpal articular surface 腕关节面 Fracture of the distal end of the radius Ulnar 尺骨(Medial) Upper end: olecranon 鹰嘴 coronoid process 冠突 trochlear notch 滑车切迹 radial notch