名词和冠词高三一轮复习课件.ppt

content 1. 名词的种类 名词可以分为专有名词（Proper Nouns）和普通名词 (Common Nouns）， 专有名词是某个（些）人，地方，机构等专有的名称，如Beijing，China等。 普通名词是一类人或东西或是一个抽象概念的名词，如：book，sadness等。 普通名词的类别 1.个体名词（Individual Nouns）：表示某类人或东西中的个体，如：gun。　 2.集体名词（Collective Nouns）：表示若干个个体组成的集合体，如：family。　 3.物质名词（Material Nouns）：表示无法分为个体的实物，如：air。　 4.抽象名词（Abstract Nouns）：表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念，如: work。 2.1 专有名词的数 专有名词用于复数 1）表示某姓的一家人 Are the Smiths coming to the party tonight? 2）表示同名或同姓的若干人或物 There are two Marys in our class. There are several Cambridges in the world. 2.2 物质名词的数 当物质名词转化为个体名词时，可数。 Strike the iron when it is hot. We supplied electric irons. 当物质名词表示该物质的种类时，可数。 The English do not drink much wine. 　 It was a delicious French wine. 当物质名词表示份数时，可数。 Our country is famous for tea. Two teas, please. 个别物质名词可以用于复数表示比原意范围更加广阔的意义。　　 The children are playing on sands. They were not allowed to fish in the near waters. 2.3 抽象名词的数 当抽象名词转化为个体名词时，可数。例如 Beauty is only skin deep. His mother was a great beauty in her youth. 当抽象名词前有限定词修饰，表示特指时，可数。例如 The general led his army to victory. He had a narrow victory in the elections. 2.4 集体名词的数 1）一些表示无生命物的集体名词，如machinery, equipment, merchandise, furniture, jewelry, clothing等，通常用作单数。 New machinery was introduced in this factory. The furniture in the room has been made to order. 2.4 集体名词的数 2）某些有生命物的集体名词，如people, police, cattle, poultry（家禽）, vermin（害虫）, bacteria等，通常用作复数。 The police are investigating the crime. Such vermin as bugs and rats are hard to get rid of. 2.4 集体名词的数 3）不少集体名词，若视为整体，则作单数看待；若视为一个个成员，则作复数看待。(see p.44) His family isn’t a big one. The family were having a chat in the living room. 2.5 不可数名词量的变化 有些抽象名词和物质名词可以兼作个体名词。 物质名词、抽象名词和某些集体名词可以借助单位词表一定的数量。(see p.47)　 a glass of water； a piece of advice; a piece of furniture an article of clothing　 2.6 不可数名词的量化表示 修饰可数名词复数: many, a good/great many，a good/great/large number of 修饰不可数名词: much, a great deal of, a large amount of 两者都可修饰: a lot of, lots of, plenty of, a great/