年龄对小家鼠筑巢的影响.doc

年龄对小家鼠筑巢的影响 任宝红王振龙*路纪琪 (郑州大学生物多样性与生态学研究所,郑州450001) 摘要：为了不同年龄组小家鼠筑巢能力，分别采用24-h等级法和连续4-d巢材获取重量法对幼年组、亚成年组、成年组小家鼠筑巢能力进行了测定。结果显示：1）；）h即可筑成杯状巢，而幼年组未能筑成稳定巢； 3）连续4-d巢材获取重量上成年组＞亚成年组。这说明，不同年龄组小家鼠均有较强的筑巢需求，筑巢能力基本形成于亚成年期。 关键词：筑巢；年龄；小家鼠 Effects of Age on Nest-Building of House mice REN Bao hong, WANG Zhen long, LU Ji qi (Institute of Biodiversity and Ecology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001) Abstract: To the difference of nesting among the juvenile group, sub-adult group, and adult group. The methods of 24-h nesting degree and measure the amount of cotton, nesting material, used by the mice in four days were used. The results from this research showed that: 1) Since the period of sub-adult, the house mice were capable of nesting; 2)Compared the two methods, the house mice could nest well, they could complete a cup shaped nest, but the juvenile group couldn’t; 3) the difference of nesting between the male and female was not significant;4)the amount of cotton, nesting material, used by the adult in four days were significantly high than that used by sub-adult, this was related of the body size of them. This displayed that all the three age groups have a strong desire of nesting, and the ability of nest-building was developed in sub-adult period. Key word: nest-building; age; house mice; 小型啮齿动物在低温环境中存活的生理和行为机制就是减少热量的散失和增加热量的产生。高质量的巢穴对热量流动有良好的缓冲作用，在温度调节方面有着重要作用（Kinder, 1927; Lee Wong, 1970; Lynch, 1976），同时巢穴也是一个重要的庇护所（Lee, 1973），对亲本的生存及子代抚育都有重要价值。已有相关研究表明筑巢能力不仅与巢温调节有关，还与攻击行为(Frans et al, 1995）、自愿转轮运动（Patrick et al, 2000）、繁殖成功率（Bult Lynch, 1997）等均明显的正相关作用，可见巢的质量对小型啮齿动物的生存和繁殖都有重要意义。动物的筑巢质量主要受遗传（Lisk et al, 1969; Keisala et al, 2007）、环境温度(Lynch et al, 1976)、母性经验(Broida Svare, 1982)、是否有仔鼠(Gandelman, 1973)等因子及其交互作用的影响，而关于不同年龄上筑巢能力差异方面的研究报道在国内外见之较少。 小家鼠(Mus musculus)是一种小型鼠类，体背毛呈棕灰，灰褐或暗褐色，毛色随季节、环境变异较大(肖曾祜等,1988)。小家鼠的筑巢材质多样，如木屑(Barnett Manly, 1954)、枯草(Koller, 1956)、碎纸片(Kinder, 1927; Van, 1970)、棉质类(Lee, 1969; Lee Wong, 1970; Lee Estep, 1971)等，栖息地多样，是人类伴生种之一(黄文几等，1995)，因此能否快速高质量