基于微振动系统离散模型的耳罩隔声性能分析方法.pdfVIP

环 境 工 程 2015 年5 月第33 卷 121 基于微振动系统离散模型的耳罩隔声性能分析方法 丁 猛 赵偲宇 （海军医学研究所，上海200433） 摘 要:单罩杯耳罩的噪声防护效果不甚理想，针对隔声性能更好的双罩杯耳罩，本文利用微振动系统离散 模型对其声学性能进行了分析。研究表明双罩杯耳罩内外罩杯间材料的刚度和阻尼系数对隔声性能影响很 大，内外罩杯间材料较小的阻尼系数和柔软的耳垫可以提高耳罩隔声性能，内外罩杯容积比在0.6~0.8 之间 较为合适。 关键词:耳罩;隔声性能;性能分析 AN ANALYSIS APPROACH FOR THE NOISE ATTENUATION PERFORMANCE OF THE EARMUFFS BASED ON THE MICRO VIBRATION SYSTEM DISCRETE MODEL Ding Meng Zhao Siyu (Naval Medical Research Institute, Shanghai 200433, China) Abstract: The noise attenuation levels provided by single-cup earmuffs are generally difficult to further improved. For the twin-cup structure earmuff which have better noise attenuation level, this paper using the Micro Vibration System Discrete Model to analyze the acoustic performance of this special structure earmuff. According to the results of the analysis, a key design element being identified is the material between the inner and the outer cups. Its stiffness and damping greatly affected the acoustic performance of the earmuffs. The small damping of the material between the inner and the outer cups and soft ear cushions can improve the noise attenuation performance of the earmuffs, and the optimal range for the volume ratio of the inner cup to the outer cup is between 0.6 and 0.8. Keywords: earmuff; noise attenuation; performance analysis 0 引 言 隔声的目的。 作业场所噪声作为突出的环境有害因素之 一，最直接的损害是导致作业听力损失，严重威 胁着他们的身心健康。噪声的治理，应优先考虑 采用工程控制措施和管理措施，如果受生产工艺、 技术和设备等因素的限制，工程控制措施无法消 除噪声危害，就需要采用个人防护措施，使用适 [1-3] 合的噪声防护装具 。 许多作业场所噪声的能量不仅集中在中高 图1 双罩杯耳罩示意图 频，低频分量也极为丰富，市场上常见的单罩杯