Impact of timeordered measurements of the two states in a niobium superconducting qubit st.pdfVIP
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Impact of timeordered measurements of the two states in a niobium superconducting qubit st
Impact of time-ordered measurements of the two states in a niobium
superconducting qubit structure
K. Segall, D. Crankshaw, D. Nakada, T.P. Orlando, L.S. Levitov, S. Lloyd
Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
N. Markovic, S.O. Valenzuela, M. Tinkham
Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
K.K. Berggren
Group 86, MIT Lincoln Laboratories, Lexington, MA 02421
Abstract : Measurements of thermal activation are made in a superconducting, niobium
Persistent-Current (PC) qubit structure, which has two stable classical states of equal and
opposite circulating current. The magnetization signal is read out by ramping the bias
current of a DC SQUID. This ramping causes time-ordered measurements of the two
states, where measurement of one state occurs before the other. This time-ordering
results in an effective measurement time, which can be used to probe the thermal
activation rate between the two states. Fitting the magnetization signal as a function of
temperature and ramp time allows one to estimate a quality factor of 106 for our devices,
a value favorable for the observation of long quantum coherence times at lower
temperatures.
1
The concept of thermal activation of a particle over an energy barrier plays a
critical role understanding many problems in condensed matter physics. Starting with
Kramers,1 expressions for the thermal activation rate have been derived in both the low
and high damping regimes.2 These expressions are often applied to analyses of
Josephson junction circuits, where the particle coordinate represents the phase difference
of the superconducting order
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