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Internal Constraints and Ecology in Evolution A Case Study in Tierra
Internal Constraints and Ecology in Evolution:
A Case Study in Tierra
Chrystopher L. Nehaniv
Adaptive Systems Research Group
Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences
University of Hertfordshire
College Lane
Hatfield, Herts AL10 9AB
United Kingdom
C.L.Nehaniv@herts.ac.uk
http://homepages.feis.herts.ac.uk/∼nehaniv
Abstract
We study the evolution of self-replicating assembly language computer programs in T. S.
Ray’s Tierra system, using a variant mechanism for the replicators to determine their own size.
A new ancestor is introduced which uses inherited code for carrying arithmetic operations that
give its correct size rather than self-measuring (as in the original Tierra studies).
The courses of evolution from Ray’s ancestor and our new ancestor are compared. The mech-
anism for size determination used by replicators proves to be remarkably conserved. Largely
similar ecologies evolve in both cases. Parasites, hyperparasites, recurring immunity to par-
asites and its circumvention are all observed in evolution from either ancestor. But niches
for social replicators and social cheating do not appear to arise (apparently due to lack of
necessity of end templating in replicators). However a new type of metabolic informational
parasitism occurring in evolution from the new ancestor is characterized and exemplified. This
new opportunity creates a set of new parasite and hyperparasite niches.
Self-measurement vs. self-descripti
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