语言的优化.ppt

作文语言的优化 优化的方法 一、 词汇途径 短语优先原则 多实少虚原则 二、 句式途径 长短句原则 句式多变原则 词汇途径 短语优先原则 写作时，尤其是在考试时，如果使用短语，有两个好处：其一、用短语会使文章增加亮点，如果老师们看到你的文章太简单，看不到一个自己不认识的短语，必然会看你低一等。相反，如果发现亮点—精彩的短语，那么你的文章定会得高分了。其二、关键时刻思维短路，只有凑字数，怎么办？用短语是一个办法！比如： I cannot bear it. 可以用短语表达：I cannot put up with it. I want it. 可以用短语表达：I am looking forward to it. I like it可以用短语表达: I am keen on it, I am fond of it. I am crazy for it I do it可以用短语表达: I am working on it. I get the answer可以用短语表达: I figure it out, I come up with it. 这样字数明显增加，表达也更准确。 多实少虚原则 原因很简单，写文章还是应该写一些实际的东西，不要空话连篇。这就要求一定要多用实词，少用虚词。我这里所说的虚词就是指那些比较大而空的词。 比如我们说一个很好的时候，不应该之说nice这样空洞的词，应该使用一些诸如generous, humorous, interesting, smart, gentle, warm-hearted, hospitable 之类的形象词。 再比如： 走出房间，general的词是：walk out of the room 但是小偷走出房间应该说：slip out of the room 小姐走出房间应该说：sail out of the room 小孩走出房间应该说：dance out of the room 老人走出房间应该说：stagger out of the room 举例说明: 看的各种表达形式 look, see, watch, observe, peer, glare, stare glance, glimpse ,skew, leer 笑的各种表达形式 smile, laugh, giggle, chuckle, grin 所以多用实词，少用虚词，文章将会大放异彩！ 练习：写出下列单词的替换词 1．individuals, characters, folks代替(people ,persons) 2 : positive, favorable, rosy(美好的)，promising(有希望的)， perfect, pleasurable , excellent, outstanding代替good 3:dreadful, unfavorable, poor, adverse(有害的)代替bad 如果bad做表语，可以有be less impressive代替 eg.An army of college students indulge themselves in playing games, enjoying romance with girls/boys or killing time passively in their dorms. When it approaches to graduation ,as a result, they find their academic records are less impressive. 4.(an army of, an ocean of, a sea of, a multitude of ,many, if not most)代替many. 注：用many, if not most 一定要小心，many后一定要有词。 Eg. Many individuals, if not most, harbor the idea that….同理 用most, if not all ,代替most. 5: a slice of, quiet a few , several代替some 6:harbor the idea that, take the attitude that, hold the view that, it is widely shared that, it is universally acknowledged