《The energy and carbon intensity of wine distribution A study of logistical》.pdf

Journal of Cleaner Production 17 (2009) 1401–1413 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Journal of Cleaner Production journal homepage: www.else /locate/jclepro The energy and carbon intensity of wine distribution: A study of logistical options for delivering wine to consumers Susan Cholette a, *, Kumar Venkat b a San Francisco State University, College of Business, 1600 Holloway Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94132, United States b CleanMetrics Corp, 4888 NW Bethany Blvd. Suite K5, #191 Portland, Oregon 97229, United States a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c t Article history: Logistics within the food and beverage sector are often energy-intensive, especially for the wine industry. Received 15 January 2009 We consider how California wines may be routed to U.S. consumers near and far, basing scenarios and Received in revised form supporting data on interviews and literature review. We use a web-based tool, CargoScope, to calculate 27 May 2009 the energy and carbon emissions associated with each transportation link and storage echelon. We find Accepted 31 May 2009 that supply chain configurations can result in vastly different energy and emissions’ profiles, varying by Available online 9 June 2009 up to a factor of 80, and discuss how these results could be incorporated into a winery’s overall sustainability strategy. Keywords: Carbon emissions