《Weber_Basic Concepts of Sociology》.doc

Basic Concepts of Sociology MAX WEBER Basic Concepts of Sociology 1 I. METHODOLOGICAL FOUNDATIONS 2 1. DEFINITION OF SOCIOLOGY 2 2. UNDERSTANDING 4 3. VALID INTERPRETATION 5 4. CONCEPTS OF ACTION 7 5. RELATION TO OTHER SCIENCES 9 II. SOCIAL ACTION 13 1. TERMINOLOGY 13 2. TYPES OF SOCIAL ACTION 14 3. REGULARITY OF SOCIAL ACTION 16 III. SOCIAL RELATIONSHIP 17 1. DEFINITION 17 2. CONFLICT RELATIONSHIP 19 3. RATIONAL RELATIONSHIP 21 4. COMMUNAL RELATIONSHIP 21 5. MARKET RELATIONSHIP 23 6. OPEN AND CLOSED RELATIONSHIP 23 7. SOLIDARY AND REPRESENTATIVE RELATIONSHIP 25 IV. SOCIAL ORDER 27 1. ORDER 27 2. VALIDITY OF ORDER 27 3. LEGITIMATE ORDER 28 4. BASES OF LEGITIMATE ORDER 30 V. SOCIAL BAND 31 1. BAND 31 2. BAND AUTONOMY 32 3. BAND ORDER 32 4. ASSOCIATION AND INSTITUTION 34 VI. RULERSHIP 34 1. POWER AND RULERSHIP 34 2. RULERSHIP BAND 35 Notes of Basic Concept of Sociology 36 I. METHODOLOGICAL FOUNDATIONS 1. DEFINITION OF SOCIOLOGY i. Sociology Sociology [1] (in the sense in which this highly ambiguous word is used here) is a science which attempts to understand social action through a causal explanation of its course and effects. Action is the human behavior to which the acting individual (or individuals) attaches a subjective meaning. Action in this sense may be either external or internal behavior, failure or refrain. Action is social if the acting individual takes account of the behavior of others and is thereby oriented in its course. ii. Meaning Meaning may be of two kinds. The term may refer first to the subjective meaning of the factual or historical case of a particular actor, or to the average or approximate subjective meaning attributable to a mass of actors; or secondly to the subjective meaning of conceptually constructed pure type of thought action. In no case does it refer to an objectively correct meaning or one which is true in some metaphysical sense. This distinguishes the empirical sciences of action, such as sociology and history, from the normative d