医学英语学习资料.docVIP

二、 1、炎症： inflammation 2、内脏的预计，预测子宫破裂rupture 5、死亡数、死亡率缺氧并发症流行性感冒常规的，一般的腹膜炎In the management of the pregnant trauma patient,the critical point is that resuscitation of the fetus is accomplished by resuscitation of the mother.Therefore the initial evaluation and treatment of the pregnant injured patient is identical to that of the nonpregnant injured patient.Rapid assessment of the maternal airway,breathing,and circulation and ensuring an adequate airway avoids maternal and fetal hypoxia.In the later stages of pregnancy,as already described,uterine compression of the vena cava may result in hypotension from diminished venous return,so the pregnant trauma patient should be placed in left lateral decubitus position.If spinal cord injury is suspected the patient may be secured to a backboard with pregnancy has important implications in the trauma patient.Signs of blood loss such as tachycardia and hypotension may be delayed until the patient loses nearly 30% of her blood volume.As a result, the fetus may be experiencing hypoperfusion fluid resuscitation should be administered even in the pregnant patient who is normotensive. 在处理孕期创伤病人时，关键点是胎儿的复苏能够通过母亲的复苏来实现．因此，孕期创伤病人最初的评估和治疗跟非孕期受伤病人是一样的．对孕妇气道、呼吸和循环的快速评估并确保足够的通气能够避免母婴低氧血症。在妊娠晚期，如被描述的那样，子宫压迫腔静脉使静脉回流减少可导致低血压，所以孕期创伤病人应该置于左侧卧位。如果怀疑脊髓受损，那么应该把病人固定在脊骨矫正板上后再向左侧倾斜。妊娠期血容量增加在外伤病人中是一个重要暗示。失血体征比如心动过速和低血压直到病人失血量达到全血的30%才会出现。这样一来，胎儿可能在母亲出现任何征象很久之前就已经处于低灌注状态了，补液复苏甚至在血压正常的妊娠病人中也应尽早和尽快地执行。 2、Postoperative surgical complications represent one of the most frustrating and difficult occurrences experienced by surgeons who do a significant volume of surgery.Regardless of how technically gifted,bright,and capable a surgeon is,surgical complications are a virtually guaranteed aspect of life.The cost of surgical complications in the United States today runs into millions of dollars and is associated with lost work productivity,disruption of normal family life,and unanticipated stress to employers and society in general.Frequently,the