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《Al-Skeini v UK and Extraterritorial Jurisdi》.pdf
Al-Skeini v. United Kingdom and Extraterritorial Jurisdiction under the European
Convention for Human Rights
Abstract: In July 2011, the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) issued its judgment in Al-Skeini v. United
Kingdom. This case prompted the court to reconsider its conflicting lines of case law on the extraterritorial
application of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (ECHR). In its decision,
the court validated both the “effective control of an area” and “State agent authority” models of analysis, which had
until Al-Skeini both been employed by the court at different times to analyze the ECHR’s extraterritorial application.
Ultimately, however, the court ruled under an augmented version of the “State agent authority” model —adding a
requirement that the state using force exercise some amorphous “public powers” over the extraterritorial area for
ECHR Article 1 jurisdiction to attach. As a result, this decision, while greatly anticipated, has posed more questions for
international lawyers as to the ECHR’s extraterritorial application than it has answered.
Introduction
On July 7, 2011, the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) issued a landmark judgment on the extraterritorial
application of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (“European
Convention for Human Rights,” “Convention,” or “ECHR”) in the case of Al-Skeini v. United Kingdom.1 In doing so, the
court not only attempted to reconcile conflicting lines of case law in this area by reevaluating its conceptions of
jur isdiction under the Convention, but also tried to define more precisely how “exceptional” circumstances must be
to justify extending a Contracting State’s jur
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