《DELL_6_SIGMA_GB_TRAINING_4》.ppt

BPI Level IModule 4 - Analyze Module Objectives: Analyze Pareto Chart Cause and Effect Diagram As-is Process Map analysis Scatter Diagram Run Chart Summary statistics Histogram Normal Distribution Check Sheets and Frequency Tables Structured way of recording and organizing data Pareto Chart Check sheets and frequency tables provide the raw data for Pareto Charts Pareto Charts Pareto Charts are used to focus BPI teams on the most significant problems by quantifying types of defects or sources of variation according to: frequency cost time The Pareto Principle (80/20 Rule) is used to help teams differentiate the “vital few” from the “trivial many” A Pareto Analysis helps team drill down from the symptomatic data closer to the root cause Pareto Chart Class Discussion: Pareto Diagrams What about severity or impact? Often, categories are labels and not causes What tool could you use to drill down categories? Pareto Chart - Example Project Exercise Use Post-its to identify where other check sheets or Pareto analysis may be useful to your project Sketch a Pareto Chart for your project and title it Choose what categories you think will be appropriate Sources of Variation Cause and Effect Diagrams Identify sources of problems Drill down to root cause Identify sources of variation Machine Materials Method Measure Environment People Example - Keyboard Scrap Reduction Cause Screening How likely is each cause to be a major Source of Variation (SOV)? V – Very likely S – Some what likely N – Not likely How easy would each be to fix or control? V – Very easy S – Somewhat easy N – Not easy Rate each item on the C/E for both questions Drill down on VV, VS, SV Project Exercise Conduct a Cause Effect analysis and Cause Screening on your problem statement  5 Whys Used in conjunction with a Cause and Effect Diagram, the 5 Whys technique helps focus on the root cause of the problem To push for root causes, start with the problem you are trying to solve and then ask