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《3-lyapunov指数计算方法_wolf算法_》.pdf
Physica 16D (1985)285-317
North-Holland, Amsterdam
DETERMINING LYAPUNOV EXPONENTS FROM A TIME SERIES
Alan WOLF~-, Jack B. SWIFT, Harry L. SWINNEY and John A. VASTANO
Department of Physics, Universityof Texas,Austin, Texas 78712, USA
Received 18 October 1984
We present the first algorithms that allow the estimation of non-negative Lyapunov exponents from an experimental time
series. Lyapunov exponents, which provide a qualitative and quantitative characterization of dynamical behavior, are related to
the exponentially fast divergence or convergence of nearby orbits in phase space. A system with one or more positive Lyapunov
exponents is defined to be chaotic. Our method is rooted conceptually in a previously developed technique that could only be
applied to analytically defined model systems: we monitor the long-term growth rate of small volume elements in an attractor.
The method is tested on model systems with known Lyapunov spectra, and applied to data for the Belousov-Zhabotinskii
reaction and Couette-Taylor flow.
Contents convergence of nearby orbits in phase space. Since
1. Introduction
nearby orbits correspond to nearly identical states,
2. The Lyapunov spectrum defined
3. Calculation of Lyapunov spectra from differential equations exponential orbital divergence means that systems
4. An approach to spectral estimation for experimental data whose initial differences we may not be able to
5. Spectral algorithm implementation* resolve will soon behave quite differently-predic-
6. Implementation details*
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