李维桢诗学的分析.pdf

Y 712119 摘 要 内容摘要:在明万历年间的文坛上，李维祯有着独特的地位。他仕途坎坷，交 游广泛，在日常生活中始终保持一种自适心态，以开放的态度接触各个阶层的人 物，接受各种思潮的冲击，从而不断完善丰富其思想内涵。其 “缘机触变，各适 其宜”的诗学理论，以 “适”为中心，从适才、适情、适体、适时四个方面阐述 了师古与师心之间的辩证关系。李维祯认为诗人在融会贯通历代优秀之作的基础 上，依据自身的才性及学识，抒写眼前之景、心中之情，自然能够不傍门户而自 成一家。如此通变的诗学思想突破了七子派格调论的理论格局，为万历中期公安 派的兴起、万历后期竟陵派的兴起提供了理论借鉴。李维祯的诗歌各种体裁兼备， 尤其擅长七言，其七言古诗、七言律诗、七言绝句均较好地体现了他的才情与学 识。其诗歌风格多样，呈现出雄浑壮阔、沧桑悲凉、清远明丽、轻松戏谑等各种 诗风，具有较高的审美价值，也体现出当时的一些创作风尚。 为清晰掌握李维祯的活动情况及历史地位，特编制 《李维祯年谱》、《李维祯 集评》，以与正文参照。 关键词:李维祯;诗学;自适:缘机触变，各适其宜:体 Abstract Content:IntheWan-litimesliteraryworldoftheMingDynasty,LiWei-zhen wascharacteristicofspecialstatus.Hehaddifficultiesinhispoliticalcareer,yethada largecircleoffriend.Innormallife,healwayskeptamentalitythatwasfitforhim. Hemadecontactwithdifferentpeopleofdifferentsocialstratumandreceived differenttrendsofthoughtbyanopen-mindedattitude,sohisviewgotconstantly enrichedandperfected.Hispoetictheoryof`suitonesactionstochangingconditions andbefitforoneselfineveryaspect,whichwascenteron`fit,explainedthe dialecticalconnectionsbetweenbeingopinionatedoneselfwithimitatingancients fromthefouraspectsaboutbeingfitfortalent,feelings,styleandtimes.So,Li Wei-zhenbrokethoughthefenceofQi-zischool,andconsideredthatonecouldhave anuniquestyleifonlyhecombinedtheancientandthepresent,usedhisowntalent andlearning,expressedhistruefeelingsanddescribedthesceneinhiseyes.This sensibleandchangeabletheoryprovidedreferencefortheGong-anschoolinthe middleWan-litimesandtheJing-lingschoolinthelateWan-litimes.Hispoemshad allkindsofpoeticforms,especiallyseven-syllablepoemsthatembodiedhistalent andlearningwell.Besides,hispoemshadmanystylessuchasprofoundandpowerful, solemnandsorrowful,clearandmelodious,lightandfunny,whichembodiedfairly highaestheticvalueandsomecustomofwriting. Inordertoknow LiWei-zhensactivitiesandhistoricalstatuswell,theauthor especiallycompl