六朝皖南农业开发的分析.pdf

六朝皖南农业开发研究 摘 要 六朝时期，在相对安定的社会环境下，皖南地区吸收了大量南 迁的北方移民，农业人口大增，加之随后施行的侨置郡县措施，皖 南农业进入了深入开发时期。 这一时期皖南农业的开发主要表现在：一是种植业的进步，皖 南在大力发展水稻生产的同时还引进 了麦类作物，使农业生产结构 进一步趋向合理化。值得一提的是，皖南东吴磨模型的出土有可能 将皖南种麦的时间提前到东吴中期。二是农田水利事业的进一步发 展，皖南各地不但修建了多处坝、堨、堰，在沿江低洼地区还出现 了圩田，时至东晋南朝时皖南已有多处被围筑成圩。另外，这时期 皖南的家禽、家畜饲养也取得了较大进展。 六朝时期皖南农业开发引起了一系列社会效应。首先，带动了 皖南手工业的发展，令纺织业和竹器加工业迅速发展起来；其次， 促进了商业城市的出现及新安商人群体的产生；最后，皖南农业开 发还丰富了当地的社会文化，为皖南文史创作奠定基础，并且促生 了皖南的农业歌舞——《白苎舞》。 对六朝皖南农业开发进行系统研究，有助于我们了解六朝时期 皖南在全国经济重心南移过程中发挥的重要作用，为当今发展皖南 经济，解决“三农”问题提供借鉴。因此，笔者将从历史学的角度， 综合运用考古学、经济学、农学等相关学科的理论知识系统研究六 朝皖南农业开发，力图构建一部区域性断代农史。 关键词：皖南 农业 社会效应 The research of Agricultural development in southern Anhui during the Six-dynasties Abstract During the Six-dynasties，southern Anhui absorbed a lot of migrants moved from the north under relatively peaceful social conditions. Farm laborers increased rapidly. Flowing taken that set prefectures and counties in this area, southern Anhui’s agriculture went into deeper development. In this period, the development of southern Anhui’s agriculture mainly included three points. One is the progress of the plant product. Rice product was actively explanted. Wheat product which made the structure of production more perfect was introduced at the same time. For the appearance of model stone mill may shift the time when was wheat planted in southern Anhui to an early date. Secondly, the facilities of water conservancy works went a further step. Not only there were many dams and weirs built in this area, but also the low-lying paddy fields surrounded with dykes emerged along the low land of Changjiang river. To Dongjin and south dynasties, a lot of land was enclosed as the low-lying paddy fields surroun