转基因抗虫水稻对生物多样性影响_张磊.pdfVIP

HEREDITAS (Beijing) 2011 5 , 33(5): 414―421 ISSN 0253-9772 综 述 DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1005.2011.00414 转基因抗虫水稻对生物多样性的影响 张磊 1, 2, 朱祯 1, 2 1. , 100101; 2. (), 100101 水稻是我国最重要的粮食作物, 然而虫害造成的产量损失每年高达一千万吨以上。研究表明, 转基因抗 虫水稻对二化螟、三化螟和稻纵卷叶螟等水稻主要鳞翅目害虫具有高抗性, 可以大幅度减少化学杀虫剂的使 用。在不使用农药的情况下, 在抗虫转基因水稻田中的害虫密度大幅度减少的同时, 可以显著地增加中性昆虫 及捕食性天敌数量和种类, 显示出稻田生态系统和生物多样性的向良性发展的趋势。转基因水稻花粉向非转基 因水稻品种的基因飘流实验表明, 随着栽种距离的增大而显著减小, 到间隔 6.2 m 时基因飘流频率已低于 0.01% 。转基因抗虫水稻的应用, 对于保障我国粮食安全, 保持农业可持续发展, 保护生物多样性和生态环境尤 其是在大幅度减少农药使用量方面具有重要意义。文章综述了转基因抗虫水稻研制进展及其对生物多样性的影 响, 并对农作物害虫防治的未来研究方向和发展趋势进行展望, 以期为转基因抗虫水稻更好的应用提供借鉴。 转基因作物; 抗虫水稻; 基因飘流; 生物多样性; 生态环境 Effect of transgenic insect-resistant rice on biodiversity ZHANG Lei1, 2, ZHU Zhen1,2 1. State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; 2. National Centre for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China Abstract: Rice is the most important food crops in maintaining food security in China. The loss of Chinas annual rice production caused by pests is over ten million tons. Present studies showed that the transgenic insect-resistant rice can sub- stantially reduce the application amount of chemical pesticides. In the case of no pesticide use, the pest density in transgenic rice field is significantly lower than that in non-transgenic field, and the neutral insects and natural enemies of pe