曼昆经济学原理29.ppt

The Monetary System货币制度 Chapter 29 The Meaning of Money货币的含义 Money is the set of assets in the economy that people regularly use to buy goods and services from other people. 货币——经济中人们经常用来向其他人购买物品与劳务的一组资产。 Three Functions of Money货币的职能 Money has three functions in the economy: 货币在经济中有三种职能： Medium of exchange 交换媒介 Unit of account 计价单位 Store of value 价值储藏 The Functions of Money Medium of Exchange A medium of exchange is an item that buyers give to sellers when they want to purchase goods and services. A medium of exchange is anything that is readily acceptable as payment. 货币的职能 交换媒介 交换媒介——当买者在购买物品与劳务时给予卖者的东西。 交换媒介是被乐意接受为支付的任何东西。 The Functions of Money Unit of Account A unit of account is the yardstick people use to post prices and record debts. Store of Value A store of value is an item that people can use to transfer purchasing power from the present to the future. 货币的职能 计价单位 计价单位——人们用来表示价格和记录债务的标准。 价值储藏 价值储藏——人们可以用来把现在的购买力转变为未来的购买力的东西。 The Functions of Money货币的职能 Liquidity流动性 Liquidity is the ease with which an asset can be converted into the economy’s medium of exchange. 流动性——一种资产可以兑换为经济中交换媒介的容易程度。 The Kinds of Money Commodity money takes the form of a commodity with intrinsic value. Examples: Gold, silver, cigarettes. Fiat money is used as money because of government decree. It does not have intrinsic value. Examples: Coins, currency, check deposits. 货币的种类 商品货币—— 以有内在价值的商品为形式的货币。 例子：黄金，白银，香烟 法定货币——由政府法令而为通货使用的货币。 它不具有内在价值。 例子： 硬币，纸币，存款支票 Money in the U.S. Economy Currency is the paper bills and coins in the hands of the public. Demand deposits are balances in bank accounts that depositors can access on demand by writing a check. 美国经济中的货币 现金—— 公众手中持有的纸币钞票和铸币。 活期存款—— 储户可以随时开支票的银行帐户余额。 Figure 1 Money in the U.S. Economy 图1. 美国经济中的货币 CASE STUDY: Where Is All The Currency? In 2001 there was about $580 billion of U.S. currency outstanding. That is $2,734 in currency per adult. Who is holding all this currency? Currency held abroad Cu