《退化草原植物性状及其对放牧干扰的响应》.pdf

中国科技论文在线 退化草原植物性状及其对放牧干扰的响应# 安慧，李国旗* （宁夏大学西北土地退化与生态恢复国家重点实验室培育基地，银川，750021 ） 5 摘要：植物对放牧干扰的响应是深入探讨放牧生态系统中家畜-植物相互作用机制、阐明放 牧草地退化机理的重要部分。了解放牧干扰下退化草原物种特征、动态、及群落物种组成可 为防止退化草原进一步沙化提供理论依据。本文结合国内外放牧研究现状、探讨了放牧对优 良牧草和毒杂草的叶片结构、形态可塑性变化及植物功能性状变化等的影响。植物性状在环 10 境监测与评价、生态保护和恢复等研究中已经取得很多成果，但大尺度、多生境因素的植物 功能性状研究仍有待于加强。 关键词：退化草原；放牧干扰；植物性状 中图分类号：Q948 15 Plant traits of degraded grassland and its response to grazing disturbance AN Hui , LI Guoqi 20 State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Land Degradation and Ecological Restoration of North-western China, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021 Abstract: The study of plant responses to grazing is an important part in probing the mechanisms of livestock-plant interaction and of grassland degradation. To understand the species 25 characteristics and dynamics as well as the species composition of plant community under the disturbance of grazing will provide a scientific basis for degraded grassland desertification. We synthesize impacts of grazing on leaf structures, plant morphological plasticity, and plant functional traits of quality forage and poisonous-weeds. Research on plant traits is very fruitful, being applicable to research on environmental monitoring and assessment, vegetation conservation 30 and restoration. However, further studies at large scale and including multi-environmental factors are needed. Key words: degraded grassland; grazing disturbance; plant traits 引言 植物与环境的相互关系一直是生态学研究的核心问题。植物在进化和发展过程中，随环 35 境条件的变化植物从形态、生态及生理特征上表现出相应的适应对策，最大程度地减小环境 [1] 的不利影响 ，这些适应对策的表现即为植物性状。植物性状反映