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Lecture2_Fundamentalsofcastingandphasediagrams.pdf
Advanced casting materials
processing
Fundamentals of casting
Phase diagrams
Casting
• Casting is very simple
• Several advantages
• Two basic categories for
casting processes
– Expendable mold
– Permanent mold
• Pattern is important
– Shrinkage allowance is the
most important
– Pattern must be slightly
larger than the desired part
Advanced casting materials
2
processing ‐Lecture 2
Pattern Removal
• Damage can be done to the casting at corners or
parting surfaces
• Draft is used to minimize the problem
• Factors that influence
– Size and shape of pattern
– Depth of mold cavity
– Method used to withdraw
pattern
– Pattern material
– Mold material
– Molding procedure
Advanced casting materials
3
processing ‐Lecture 2
The Role of the Gating System
• Delivers the molten metal to the mold cavity
• Controls the speed of liquid metal flow and the
cooling that occurs during flow
• Rapid rates of filling can produce erosion of the mold
– Can result in the entrapment of mold material in the final
casting
– Cross sectional areas of the channels regulate flows
• Proper design minimizes turbulence
• Turbulence promotes absorption of gases, oxidation,
and mold erosion
Advanced casting materials
4
processing ‐Lecture 2
Gating Systems
• Choke‐smallest cross‐
sectional area
• Runner extensions
and wells‐used to
catch and trap the first
metal to enter the
mold
• F
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