分子电子学中的碳基材料正文.doc

毕业论文 题 目学 院 专 业 班 级 0901 学 生 学 号 20090922155 指导教师 二〇一三 年月日摘 要 伴随着日益复杂的电子技术产品的发展，过去自上而下都依赖的硅基技术正面临着技术方面和物理方面的双层挑战。在采用自下向上的方法建设电子电路时，碳基纳米材料是非常好的候选材料，因为它们有半导体的特性并且物理尺寸很小，可以用于建立电子连接。例如有独特的电子性质的富勒烯，已经允许在建设分子整流器和晶体三极管时，可以以多种状态存在。碳纳米管在建设分子电路和场效应晶体管方面具有很大的潜力。另一方面，石墨烯不仅是代替 ITO组成透明电极的最有前景的材料，同时它也展现了它的量子霍尔效应和电导特性。本论文主要体现了碳纳米材料在分子电子学中最近的发展状况。 关键词：碳纳米材料；分子电导；分子电子学；单分子电子器件 ABSTRACT As the growing complexity of electronic devices, the top-down method used with silicon based technology is facing both technological and physical challenges. Carbon-based nanomaterials are good candidates to be used in the development of electronic circuitry using the bottom-up approach, because they have semiconductor properties and dimensions within the required physical limit to construct electrical connections. For example, the unique electronic properties of fullerenes have made the construction of molecular rectifiers and molecular transistors that can work with more than two logical states. Carbon nanotubes have shown their values to be used in the construction of molecular wires and FET transistors that can operate in the THz frequency bias range. On the other hand, graphene is not only the most promising material for replacing ITO in the construction of transparent electrodes but it has also shown quantum Hall effect and quantum conductance properties that depend upon the edges or chemical doping. The purpose of this work is to present recent developments on the utilization carbon nanomaterials in molecular electronics. Keywords：Carbon nanomaterials Molecular conductance； Molecular electronics； Unimolecular electronic devices 目 录 摘要 I ABSTRACT II 1 前言 1 1.1碳纳米材料的类型和形状.....................................................................................2 2 富勒烯................................................................................................................................3 2.1富