原油蒸馏装置控制系统设计.doc

原油蒸馏装置控制系统设计 摘 要 原油蒸馏是炼油厂加工原油的第一道工序，即原油的一次加工，在炼油厂加工总流程中有重要作用，通过蒸馏的方法将原油分割成不同沸点的组分，以适应产品和下游工艺装置对原料的要求。原油蒸馏装置的控制和操作的好坏，对炼油厂的产品质量、收率以及原油的有效利用都有很大影响。 本文通过分析原油蒸馏的工艺特点，采用单回路控制、串级控制等技术对原油蒸馏装置进行控制系统设计。原油蒸馏的典型流程为三塔流程，即三段气化原油常减压工艺流程，分为原油初馏、常压蒸馏和减压蒸馏等三个部分。炼油厂的加工能力一般都用原油常压蒸馏装置的加工能力来表示，也就是说常压蒸馏是石油炼制的关键部分。所以本论文是对常压蒸馏部分的控制系统设计。 装置的工艺参数和产品的质量指标都有严格的要求，根据这些要求，设计出合理、有效的控制方案，提高产品收率，降低装置能耗，使装置能够安全、稳定运行。 关键字：原油蒸馏；控制；工艺参数；加热炉；分馏塔 Crude Distillation Installment Control System Design Abstract Crude distillation is processing crude oil the first working procedure in the refinery. That is the first of crude oil processing, it plays an important role in total refinery processing, by the distilled method of the crude oil will be separated into different components of different boiling point, to adapt products and lower reaches of the process is the requirement of raw materials. Crude distillation installment control and operation quality, to the refinery product quality, receiving rate as well as the crude oil effective use has the very tremendous influence. This article use single-loop control and cascade control to carry on the control system to design the crude distillation installment by analysis crude distillation craft characteristic. Crude distillations typical flow is three tower flows. namely three sections of gasified crude oils often the reduced pressure technical process, divides into the crude oil forerunning, the atmospheric distillation and the reduced pressure distillation three parts. The refinery processing capacity of crude oil is generally used atmospheric distillation unit of processing capacity to express. This means that atmospheric distillation is a key part of the crude oil refining. Therefore, the present paper designs the atmospheric distillation part control system. The installment technological parameters and the products qualitative index have the strict request, according to these requests, design a reasonable and ef