周词语的翻译.ppt

The Translation of Words 词语基本译法综述 词语的翻译 一、认真辨析词义 二、适当选词用词 三、尽量保留民族特色 四、词类转换与词语增减 一、认真辨析词义 词无定义。字或词语的意义既受上下文或语境的制约，又受文体的影响。因此，不囿于语词的字面意义，而要读出字里行间的含义（read between, beyond and behind lines），这是正确翻译词语的第一步。 词义的正确选择首先取决于对原文的确切理解，而对原文词义的确切理解,又取决于对原文上下文的推敲。有些词看起来很简单，翻译时一下子就会想到常用的对应词。但最常用的对应词却不一定能准确地表达原作的意思。例如： 例1、还要努力读一点历史和小说。 We should also find time to read some history books and novels. 例2、你想想，有那么多人关心我，爱护我，医生、护士、领导、同事，还有许多陌生人…. Strangers? You see, many people care about and take care of me: doctors and nurses, superiors and colleagues, and even lots of people whom I’ve not yet had the pleasure of knowing. 例3、在大多数晚解放的省份中…… a) most provinces which were liberated later, … b) As for the other provinces liberated later, which constitute the majority… “大多数”，修饰“省份”，译文a容易引起误解，认为most of the provinces were liberated later，译文b则避免了可能产生的误解。 例4、水平 1）他的英语水平比我的高。 He knows more English than I. 2）要奋发图强，把我军的军政素质提高到一个新的水平…… We must work hard to raise to a new height the military and political quality of our army……. 3）各级领导干部必须提高领导水平。 Cadres at all levels should improve their art of leadership. 这里的“领导水平”，实际上指领导能力、领导艺术、故译作art of leadership. 例5、意见 1）用户对贵方的包装很有意见。 End-users have a lot of complaints about your packing. 2）双方价格差距很大，先谈到这里吧！你的意见如何？ Since the price gap is very wide between the two parties, shall we suspend the discussion? What’s your idea? 3)贵方总裁和我们的总经理就拟议中的合资项目坦率地交换了意见。 Your President had a frank exchange of views with our managing director on the proposed joint venture project. “情况” ： (1)在这种情况下 (2)这种情况必须改变。 (3)现在情况不同了。 (4)他们的情况怎么样？ (5)前线有什么情况？ (6)前面有情况，做好战斗准备。 (7)可是在其他地方，情况就完全两样了。 (8) 我们可能去那儿，那得看情况而定。 “情况” ： 这个词的基本意义与英语中的circumstances, 英语中的circumstances, situation, condition等词相近，但是究竟怎样翻译，还须根据上下文来决定 (1)在这种情况下 Under these/such circumstances Such being the case In accordance with this specific condition (2)这种情况必须改变 This state of affairs must change. (3)现在情况不同了。 Now things are different. (4)他们的情况怎么样？ How do matters stand with the